生物炭菌剂对烟草黑胫病及土壤微生物的影响  

Effects of Carbon-Based Biocontrol Agents on the Occurrence of Tobacco Black Shank and Soil Microflora

作　　者：贾海江[1] 冯俊喜[2] 吴涛 张鑫 孙瞳 胡希好 王鹏 李振 程亚东 程昌新 李贵忠 曾祥难[1] 周肇峰[1] JIA Haijiang;FENG Junxi;WU Tao;ZHANG Xin;SUN Tong;HU Xihao;WANG Peng;LI Zhen;CHENG Yadong;CHENG Changxin;LI Guizhong;ZENG Xiangnan;ZHOU Zhaofeng(Guangxi China Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530001,China;China Tobacco Shandong Industry Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250014,China;China Tobacco Yunnan Industry Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650202,China;Tobacco Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266101,China;Shandong Qingdao Tobacco Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]广西中烟工业有限责任公司,南宁530001 [2]山东中烟工业有限责任公司,济南250014 [3]云南中烟工业有限责任公司,昆明650231 [4]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,青岛266101 [5]山东青岛烟草有限公司,青岛266000

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2022年第6期68-75,共8页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：广西中烟工业有限责任公司项目(GXZYCX2020B003、2022450000340066)。

摘　　要：为研究生物炭菌剂对烟草黑胫病的防控效果并揭示其联合生防机制,以生物炭为载体负载解淀粉芽孢杆菌CAS02制备生物炭菌剂,并对其负载效果进行评价;采用室内盆栽试验,以易感品种“小黄金1025”为试验材料,研究不同处理生物炭菌剂对烟草黑胫病的防控效果,并从土壤化学性质、微生物群落结构组成的角度解析相关作用机理。结果表明:(1)生物炭可以有效负载生防菌CAS02,负载量为25.31×10^(8) CFU/g;(2)单独施用生防菌CAS02对烟草黑胫病的防控效果,在施药25 d后下降至2.08%,而生物炭菌剂对烟草黑胫病防控高效且持久,在第25天时仍可维持43.75%的相对防效;(3)施用生物炭菌剂显著改变了根际土壤化学性质,BC-CAS02处理的根际土壤速效磷含量较CK提高了49.58%,而速效钾含量降低了17.39%;(4)通过对比各处理16 S V3-V4区域扩增子序列可知,生物炭菌剂显著改变了土壤微生物区系结构,属水平上WCHB1-32、Ochrobactrum和Arthrobacter等抑制植物病害的有益细菌相对丰度显著增加。综上所述,生物炭菌剂可通过改善根际土壤化学性质和微生物群落结构组成,有效提高烟草黑胫病的防控效果。The purpose of this study is to evaluate the control effect of a biochar bioagent on tobacco black shank disease and reveal its combined biocontrol mechanism. Biochar bioagent was prepared by loading Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CAS02 on biochar carrier,and its loading effect was evaluated. Using the susceptible variety “Xiaohuangjin1025” as the test material, the prevention and control effects of different treatments of biochar bacteria on tobacco black shank disease were studied in an indoor pot experiment,and the relevant mechanism were analyzed from the perspective of soil chemical properties and microbial community structure. The results showed that:(1) Biochar could effectively support biocontrol bacteria CAS02 with a load of 25.31×10^(8) CFU/g, giving full play to the role of carrier.(2) The control effect of CAS02 on tobacco black shank disease decreased to 2.08% after 25 days of application, while the biochar bioagent was highly effective and sustained, and still maintained 43.75% relative control effect on the 25th day.(3) The application of biochar agent significantly changed the rhizosphere soil chemistry. Compared with CK, the content of available phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil under the BC-CAS02 treatment increased by 49.58%, while the content of available potassium decreased by 17.39%.(4) By comparing the amplicon sequencing in the 16 S V3-V4 region of each treatment, the biochar bioagent significantly changed the soil microflora structure, and the relative abundance of disease-inhibiting beneficial bacteria such as WCHB1-32, Ochrobactrum and Arthrobacter significantly increased at the genus level. In conclusion, biochar bioagent can effectively improve the control effect of tobacco black shank disease by improving rhizosphere soil chemistry and microbial community composition.

关 键 词：生物炭 生防菌 烟草黑胫病 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]