晚清西南民族地方司法案卷材料“合理性”的构建及其启示  

“Rational” Construction of the Southwest Ethnic Local Judicial Case Files during the Late Qing Dynasty and Its Inspiration

作　　者：牟奕霖 Mu Yilin(Law School,Yunnan University,Kunming,650221,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学法学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《民族学刊》2022年第11期108-117,153,共11页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“认罪认罚案件的事实认定方式与卷证制度研究”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：晚清西南民族地方司法中以口供笔录为代表的案卷材料生成和制作的规范化和统一性要求,体现出案卷材料“合理性”的构建,而案卷材料合理性构建的目标是实现对案件事实真相的探知。地方书吏文书制作的专业化技能、案卷制作中的严格规范化程序、以及县官对书吏负有的道德和非制度性的责任等,为案卷材料合理性构建提供了重要的基础和保障。晚清西南民族地方案卷材料构建具有合理性,但材料制作过程可能存在不可靠风险,从晚清西南民族地方案卷材料制作的固有规律和官僚体制运行特点来看,这一风险又可加以合理解释,进而存在规避或化解材料不可靠风险的可能。晚清西南民族地方司法实践对案卷材料进行的合理性构建,为当代我国案卷材料生成和制作方式的转变提供了重要启示。The requirements of standardization and uniformity in the production of case file materials represented by oral confession records in the Southwest ethnic local judicature of the late Qing Dynasty reflected the construction of “rationality”of these case file materials: First,the indispensability of a defendant’s confession in the case file.From convincing case reports in the review procedure of this period,a defendant’s confession and the requirement of its consistency with the testimony — at least in content and form of the written confession — proved its authenticity. Second,the linguistic style of the evidence in the case files changed from classical to the vernacular( or baihuawen). Judging from the local judicial practice of the southwest ethnicities in the late Qing Dynasty,the confessions used for government filings and superior reviews were all made in written vernacular. The significance of using oral testimony in the vernacular is that it conveys more reliable information in the common people’s everyday language. Third,the standard requirements of the official language used for the materials in the case files. Language materials containing local dialects,native languages,or ethnic languages were converted into a standardized official written language. At the same time,vulgar language used in the public domain was prohibited in the file materials.Fourth,the strict requirements for the narrative content of the case files. Specifically,the type of the confession materials emphasized the combination of draft and confession materials,and the content of the confession materials was narrated in a strict style.The requirement of a rational construction of the oral and verbal materials in the southwest ethnic local judicature during the late Qing Dynasty was in line with a local bureaucratic system in place at that time as well as their judicial terminological stipulations: First,it requires professional and technical characteristics together with compliance with clerical standards. Second,strict s

关 键 词：晚清地方司法 案卷材料 口供 合理性 书吏 

分 类 号：C952[社会学—民族学]