传统越冬区鸳鸯留居种群巢址利用特征分析  

The Nest-site selection by Resident Population of Aix galericulata in Traditional Wintering Range

作　　者：辛佳佳 王野影 樊涵 胡灿实[1] XIN Jia-jia;WANG Ye-Ying;FAN Han;HU Can-shi(College of Life Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;School of Life Sciences,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Research Center for Biodiversity and Nature Conservation,College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学生命科学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州师范大学生命科学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州大学林学院,贵州大学生物多样性与自然保护研究中心,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2023年第1期25-28,59,共5页Wetland Science & Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31801990,32160126);贵州大学引进人才科研项目(贵大人基合字[2017]57);贵州师范大学-石阡县人民政府产业科技发展基金项目(校县合作计划11904/0518168)。

摘　　要：鸳鸯(Aix galericulata)具有部分迁徙行为模式,其留居种群选择在传统越冬区开展繁殖活动。为探究鸳鸯留居种群巢址利用特征及其影响因素,于2019年3—7月在贵州石阡鸳鸯湖开展初步研究。根据鸳鸯的体型和习性,在研究区域内悬挂人工巢箱41个,巢箱利用率为21.95%(n=9)。对影响鸳鸯巢址选择的主要因子巢口隐蔽度、坡度和距居民点距离等变量进行了主成分分析。主成分分析结果表明:隐蔽因子(33.82%)、干扰因子(24.26%)、巢口因子(18.78%)以及巢位因子(13.99%)是影响鸳鸯留居种群巢址利用的主要因素。鸳鸯留居个体倾向于选择在巢上方盖度和巢口隐蔽度较大、可视度较小、离人为干扰源较远、坡度陡峭、乔木盖度较高和巢口偏向于俯角的区域繁殖。与鸳鸯迁徙种群类似,隐蔽条件是影响留居种群巢址利用的关键因素。Aix galericulata is recognized as partial migration recently,and the resident population breed in traditional wintering range.in order to explore the characteristics of nest-site utilization and its influencing factors of the resident population,a preliminary study was conducted in Guizhou shiqian Mandarin Duck Lake from March to July 2019.A total of 41 nestboxes were set up in the field.According to the size and habits of Mandarin Duck,41 artificial nest boxes were hung in the study area,and the utilization rate of nest boxes was 21.95%(n = 9).Principal component analysis was conducted on the factors influencing nest site selection,including concealment of nestbox hole,slope and distance to the resident sites.The PCA showed that concealment(33.82%),human disturbance(24.26%),nest entrance(18.78%) and nest position(13.99%)were the main factors that affecting the utilization of nest-site selection of resident population.Resident population tends to breed in the nestbox with greater coverage,less visibility,lower human disturbance,steep slopes,and higher coverage of arbor trees.Moreover,the nestentrance tends to be at a depression angle.same as migratory population of Aix galericulata,the concealment condition was a key factor that affects the use of nest-sites for the resident populations.

关 键 词：鸳鸯 部分迁徙 人工巢箱 巢址利用特征 主成分分析 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]