基于物联网的太阳能草捆干燥贮存系统设计  

Design of an Internet of things based solar-powered hay bale drying and storage system

作　　者：杜建强 李凤鸣 郭文斌[1] Du Jianqiang;Li Fengming;Guo Wenbin(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot 010018,China;Ho-hhot Branch of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Co.Ltd.,Huhhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学大学机电工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]中国农业机械化科学研究院呼和浩特分院有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第6期46-53,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021MS05044);内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZZ21017);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFDZ0022)。

摘　　要：[目的]本研究旨在全面落实国家碳达峰、碳中和目标要求,提升零碳、低碳科技创新能力,构建人与自然和谐共生的绿色技术体系,为牲畜优质粗饲料的供给提供保障,助力我国畜牧业发展和农牧民增产增收。[方法]利用我国西部地区太阳能资源丰富的能源条件,基于物联网对太阳能草捆干燥贮存系统进行研究,总体结构设计分5部分,太阳能空气集热器主要由集热芯、箱体等组成,草捆干燥仓设计为上、下2层干燥草捆结构,草捆贮存仓由集热器与仓顶一体化设计而构成,物联网平台监控系统下位机采用51单片机控制整个系统的功能实现,利用ZigBee实现短距离的数据交换功能,下位机再通过GPRS DTU模块接入Internet网络,上位机程序主要使用MCGS7.7版本组态软件完成物联网平台人机交互界面的设计。[结果]本系统干燥苜蓿草捆比田间晾晒处理后的苜蓿草,可减少干物质损失近30%,苜蓿草有效营养成分如粗蛋白、粗脂肪等保存率由50%提高到90%以上。与高温快速干燥系统作业性能对比得到,高温快速干燥系统干燥到安全水分苜蓿草平均消耗燃煤量350 kg·t-1,同时还需消耗电量平均为85 kW·h·t-1,而太阳能草捆干燥系统对初始含水率在40%~50%之间的苜蓿草捆干燥作业,苜蓿草捆含水率降至17%以下安全水分时,苜蓿草平均耗电量83 kW·h·t-1。[结论]太阳能草捆干燥贮存系统采用物联网技术,结合自动控制技术,优化了干燥工艺,保证苜蓿草捆干燥效率,同时降低了苜蓿草干燥成本,减少了人力成本,提高了苜蓿草产品品质。[Objective]The current study was designed to fully implement the national carbon peak and carbon neutralization goals, improve the ability of zero-carbon and low-carbon technology innovation, build a green technology system that harmoniously coexists with nature, provide guarantees for the supply of high-quality rough feed for livestock, and assist the development of China’s animal husbandry and farmers’ income increase.[Methods]The solar-powered hay bale drying and storage system was investigated based on Internet of Things(IoT) using the abundant solar energy resources in China’s western region.The overall structure was divided into five parts. The solar air collector was mainly composed of a heat collection core and a box body. The hay bale drying warehouse was designed as a two-layer drying hay bale structure. The hay bale storage warehouse was composed of the solar air collector and a warehouse roof. The IoT platform monitoring system used a 51 single-chip micro-controller to control the function of the entire system. ZigBee was used to achieve short-distance data exchange functions, and the lower computer accessed the internet through GPRS DT U module. The upper computer program mainly used MCGS7. 7 version configuration software to complete the design of the IoT platform human-computer interface.[Results]The proposed system reduced the loss of dry matter by nearly 30%compared to field sun-drying method, and the preservation rate of alfalfa’s effective nutritional components such as crude protein and crude fat were increased from 50% to more than 90%.Compared with the performance of the high-temperature and rapid drying system, the high-temperature rapid drying system consumed an average of 350 kg of coal per ton of alfalfa dried to a safe moisture level, and also required an average and 85 kW·h·t-1of electricity. However, the solar hay bale drying system, when drying the bale of alfalfa with an initial moisture content of 40% to 50%, reduced the moisture content of the bale to below 17% safe mois

关 键 词：物联网 太阳能干燥 苜蓿草捆 ZIGBEE 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程] TP273[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]