要素市场化配置下数据财产权制度的建构  

The construction of data property right system under market-oriented allocation of factors

作　　者：许偲炜 XU Siwei(School of Law,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《重庆大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期255-267,共13页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：中国法学会2021年度部级法学研究课题“要素市场化配置背景下农村产权制度的完善”(CLS[2021]D67);重庆大学2020年度中央高校项目“主权数字货币跨境流动法律问题研究”(2020CDSKXYFX009);重庆英才计划“包干制”项目“依法推进数字中国战略实施研究”(CQYC202002004)。

摘　　要：随着现代信息科技的发展,数据已成为与土地、劳动力、资本和技术并列的基本生产要素。数据要素具有无形性、可复制性、衍生性等基本特点,对于数据财产权的界定,不能完全按照传统的理念和方式进行,而应当根据数据的特点进行合理的变通。数据之所以能成为基本的生产要素,是因为其具有承载并提供信息、作为数字产品生产资料和作为数字经济的关键要素的基本效用。通过市场配置数据要素资源,能够不断优化资源配置,使越来越多的资源在优化的配置状态下被利用,提高资源的利用效率,优化市场要素供给。从法律的角度来看,资源市场配置实际上是通过覆盖资源的权利交易实现资源在不同主体之间的分配、组合。由于数据要素市场化配置要以数据产权转移的形式实现,数据产权是数据要素市场化配置的必要前提,数据产权制度安排将直接影响数据要素市场化配置的效果。因此,在法治社会,数据要素市场化配置必然仰赖健全的数据产权法律制度。从市场配置资源的要求出发,数据财产权制度应当使相应的数据产权符合独立性、明晰化和流动性的基本要求。但由于数据要素的特殊性,在数据产权制度的安排上也需要充分考虑数据要素的特点,进行合理的调整和变通。在数据产权制度的建构路径上,应当采用数据来源权和数据利用权二元结构的基本权利架构。数据来源权、数据利用权是数据财产权制度中的基础权利。数据来源权是数据最初来源的贡献主体所享有的权利,应根据数据来源权人对数据享有的基本利益规定来源权人知情同意的权利、维护数据真实性的权利、排除数据利用侵害的权利和参与利用收益分配的权利。数据利用权是权利人对数据要素依法享有的控制、使用开发、许可和处分的权利,包括数据控制权、数据使用开发权、数据With the development of modern information technology,data has become a basic factor of production alongside land,labor,capital and technology.The basic characteristics of data elements include intangibility,replicability,derivative and so on.The definition of data property rights should be reasonably adapted according to the characteristics of data rather than carrying out in full accordance with traditional concepts and methods.The reason why data can become a basic factor of production is that it has the basic utility of carrying and providing information,acting as a means of production for digital products and as a key element of the digital economy.Through the allocation of data element resources through the market,the allocation of resources can be continuously optimized,so that more resources will be used in an optimized configuration state,the utilization efficiency of resources will be improved,and the supply of market elements can be optimized.From a legal point of view,the market allocation of resources is actually the distribution and combination of resources among different entities through the transaction of rights covering resources.Since the market-oriented allocation of data elements should be realized in the form of data property rights transfer,data property rights are the necessary premise for the market-oriented allocation of data elements,and the arrangement of the data property rights system will directly affect the effect of the market-oriented allocation of data elements.Therefore,in a society ruled by law,the market-oriented allocation of data elements inevitably depends on a sound legal system for data property rights.According to the requirements of the market to allocate resources,the data property rights system should make corresponding data property rights meet the basic requirements of independence,clarity and liquidity.However,due to the particularity of data elements,it is also necessary to fully consider the characteristics of data elements and make reasonable adjustments and ad

关 键 词：数据要素 要素市场化配置 数据产权 数据来源权 数据利用权 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]