不同植被类型根系对土壤水分分布的影响  

Effects of roots in different vegetation types on soil water distribution

作　　者：陈钰馨 郑博福[1,2] 傅赫 罗诚康 江旖慧 朱锦奇 CHEN Yuxin;ZHENG Bofu;FU He;LUO Chengkang;JIANG Yihui;ZHU Jinqi(School of Resources and Environment,Nanchang University,Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization,Ministry of Education,330031,Nanchang,China;Jiangxi Ecological Civilization Research Institute,330031,Nanchang,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学资源与环境学院,鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室,南昌330031 [2]江西省生态文明研究院,南昌330031

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2023年第1期37-46,共10页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“南方丘陵山地屏障生态系统服务格局及演变机制”(2017YFC0505601)。

摘　　要：为探究不同植被类型下的根系对土壤水分分布的影响,以江西省北部武宁县的典型针阔混交林、毛竹林和休耕地为对象,采用染色示踪实验,并观测和采集土壤和根系样品,分别测定0~20,20~40和40~60 cm土层的土壤理化性质、植物根系特征、土壤蓄水性能和土壤团聚体稳定性等指标,分析不同植被类型其对土壤水分分布的多重影响和影响机制。结果表明:1)针阔混交林和毛竹林均在0~60 cm土层出现大面积的染色情况,而休耕地则仅在0~20 cm土层出现,且根系越多的土层,染色面积往往越突出;2)随着土层深度的增加,土壤含水量、最大持水量、饱和含水量,有机质含量,平均质量直径和几何平均直径均显著降低(P<0.05);3)针阔混交林和毛竹林的根系数量分别为休耕地的16.96和30.95倍,其深层(40~60 cm)的蓄水能力(最大持水量)分别高出休耕地3%和10%,土壤团聚体稳定性(平均质量直径)分别高出13%和23%;4)根系特征指标、土壤蓄水能力指标和土壤团聚体稳定性指标均与染色面积比显著正相关(P<0.05)。综上,3种类型样地中,土壤中丰富的根系对土壤蓄水能力和土壤团聚体稳定性均显示出明显的促进作用,进一步促进土壤中的水分分布。因此针阔混交林和毛竹林的水分分布程度均强于休耕地。为有效提升区域水土保持功能和生态风险抗性,需加强森林资源的管理和保护,提高林地植被的多样性以提高地下根系的分布密度和深度。[Background]As one of the ecological disasters in the world,shallow landslides are closely related to the distribution of water in soil.Therefore,a good water distribution pattern in the soil is helpful to improving the ecological risk resistance.In this paper,the effects of roots of different vegetation types on soil water distribution were analyzed.[Methods]Taking the typical coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest,Phyllostachy sheterocycla forest and fallow land in Wuning county in the north of Jiangxi province as research objects,the soil water distribution was observed by staining tracer experiment.Soil and root samples were collected to determine the soil physical and chemical properties,plant root characteristics,soil water storage capacity,stability of soil aggregatesand other indicatorsof 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,and 4060 cm soil layers,respectively.Combined with stainingcondition,the multiple effects of root and soil characteristic indexes on soil water distribution were analyzed.[Results]1)Both coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest and P.heterocycla forest showed large area staining in 0-60 cm soil layer,but only in 0-20 cm soil layer in fallow land.The more the soil layer of the root system,the more prominent the stained area.2)Soil water content,maximum water-holding capacity,saturatedmoisture content,mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter decreased significantly with the increase of soil depth.3)The number of roots in coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest and P.heterocycla forest was 16.96 times and 30.95 times as much as that in fallow land,respectively(P<0.05).The water storage capacity(maximum water-holding capacity)of the deep layer(40-60 cm)was 3%and 10%higher than that in fallow land,respectively,and the soil aggregate stability(mean weight diameter)was 13%and 23%higher than that in fallow land,respectively.4)Root characteristic index,soil water storage capacity index and soil aggregate stability index were positively correlated with dyeing area ratio(P<0.05).[Conculsions]In the three ty

关 键 词：植被类型 土壤水分分布 根系 土壤蓄水能力 土壤团聚体稳定性 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学]