油田大罐抽气装置设备选型计算方法简析  

Calculation Method Analysis of Equipment Model Selection of Oilfield Large Tank Gas Extraction Device

作　　者：陈丽丽 路遥军 芦涛 张光宇 李小永 陈劲松 张桂岭 唐静 钱洪霞 CHEN Lili;LU Yaojun;LU Tao;ZHANG Guangyu;LI Xiaoyong;CHEN Jinsong;ZHANG Guiling;TANG Jing;QIAN Hongxia(Huabei Oilfield Company,CNPC;Qinghai Oilfield Pipeline Department,CNPC;Beijing Design Branch of China Petroleum Engineering and Construction Corporation)

机构地区：[1]中国石油华北油田公司,河北省石家庄市052360 [2]中国石油青海油田管道处 [3]中国石油工程建设有限公司北京设计分公司

出　　处：《油气田地面工程》2023年第2期85-91,共7页Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering

摘　　要：华北油田大部分站场的储油罐、沉降罐等立式固定顶罐均安装大罐抽气装置,以加强伴生气资源的回收与利用,同时消除储油罐伴生气无组织排放的安全隐患。针对在现场实际应用及设备选型过程中存在储油罐挥发气量计算不准确、设备运行状态不明确导致实际收气量小于装置规模、设备频繁启停等实际问题,对立式固定顶储油罐VOCs (挥发性有机物)静置损失和工作呼吸损失分别进行实测法、API计算法、查表法、排放系数法多种理论试算,并分析误差原因。通过对排放系数公式进行初步修正,同时对华北油田连续输油站场、卸油站场、拉油站场等三类典型站场的罐区立式固定顶储油罐运行状态进行气相连通分析,形成适合不同功能站场的设备选型方法和计算公式。该项目实施后,在后续的产建和老油田改造中可大幅度减少建设投资,设备负荷率由2%提升至40%,立式固定顶储油罐挥发气的高效回收治理具有十分重要的社会和经济效益。Vertical fixed roof oil storage tanks such as oil storage tanks and settling tanks in most stations of Huabei Oilfield are installed with large tank gas extraction devices to strengthen the recovery and utilization of associated gas resources,and eliminate the potential safety hazards of unorganized discharge of associated gas from oil storage tanks. In view of the practical problems existing in the field application and equipment model selection process,such as inaccurate calculation of volatile gas volume of oil storage tank,unclear operation state of equipment(which leads to the less actual gas collection amount than the unit scale), frequent start-up and shutdown of equipment and so on, the standing loss of VOCs and working breathing loss of vertical fixed roof oil storage tank are calculated by measuring method,API calculation method, look-up table method, and emission coefficient method respectively, and the error causes are analyzed. Through the preliminary modification of the emission coefficient formula,the gas-phase connectivity analysis of the operation state of the vertical fixed roof oil storage tanks in the tank farm of three typical stations, namely the continuous oil transmission station, the oil unloading station,and the oil pulling station of Huabei Oilfield is carried out to form the equipment model selection methods and calculation formula suitable for different functional stations. After the implementation of the project, the construction investment will be greatly reduced in the subsequent production and construction projects and the transformation of old oilfields, and the equipment load rate will be increased from 2% to 40%. It has very important social and economic benefits to efficiently recover and treat volatile gas from vertical fixed roof oil storage tanks.

关 键 词：大罐抽气装置 VOCS 呼吸损耗 扩散理论 黑匣子理论 选型 

分 类 号：TE972[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]