不同有机肥料同一施氮水平对设施土壤的改良效应  

Effects of different organic fertilizers at the same nitrogen application level on soil improvement in protected vegetable fields

作　　者：吴荣[1] 杜颖[1] 刘善江[1] 孙昊[1] 薛文涛[1] 白杨[1] 陈倩[1] WU Rong;DU Ying;LIU Shan-jiang;SUN Hao;XUE Wen-tao;BAI Yang;CHEN Qian(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第12期27-35,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：北京市农林科学院创新能力项目(KJCX20220420,KJCX20220301,KJCX20200302)。

摘　　要：通过设施蔬菜小区试验,以羊粪有机肥、鸡粪有机肥和金针菇渣有机肥为研究对象,比较上述3种有机肥料在同一施氮水平下对设施番茄菜地次生盐渍化土壤的改良效果及番茄产量的影响。结果表明:同一施氮水平条件下不同有机肥对设施菜地土壤EC的降低率分别为48.7%、28.8%、40.7%;土壤主要盐分离子也发生了变化,有机肥降低了土壤中K^(+)、Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)的含量,其中羊粪有机肥降低效果最好,分别降低了43.9%、44.6%、14.5%、31.0%、44.4%、64.6%;同时,施用不同有机肥对土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N、有效磷含量有不同程度的提升,其中鸡粪处理尤为明显,分别提升了347.2%和11.9%,羊粪处理增加土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N的能力最低,增幅为113.8%,反而对于土壤速效钾的释放效果高于鸡粪和金针菇渣,但是处理之间效果差异并不显著。综合考虑3种有机肥料对设施菜地次生盐渍化土壤的盐分及养分指标的影响,羊粪有机肥料在改良土壤方面效果要优于鸡粪有机肥和金针菇渣。Through the experiment of protected vegetable plot,taking sheep manure organic fertilizer,chicken manure organic fertilizer and Flammulina velutipes residue organic fertilizer as the research object,the improvement effects of the above three organic fertilizers on the secondary salinized soil and tomato yield in protected tomato vegetable field under the same nitrogen application level were compared.The results showed that:Under the same nitrogen application level,the reduction rates of soil EC of different organic fertilizers on protected vegetable fields were 48.7%,28.8%and 40.7%,respectively.The contents of K^(+),Na^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-)in soil were reduced by organic fertilizer.Among them,sheep manure organic fertilizer had the best effect,reducing by 43.9%,44.6%,14.5%,31.0%,44.4%and 64.6%,respectively.At the same time,the application of different organic fertilizers increased the contents of soil NO_(3)^(-)-N and available phosphorus to varying degrees,especially in chicken manure treatment,which increased by 347.2%and 11.9%,respectively.The ability of sheep manure treatment to increase soil NO_(3)^(-)-N was the lowest,with an increase of 113.8%.On the contrary,the release effect of soil available potassium was higher than that of chicken manure and Flammulina velutipes residue,but the effect between treatments was not significant.To sum up,considering the salt and nutrient indexes of the three organic fertilizers on the secondary salinized soil in the protected vegetable field,the effect of sheep manure organic fertilizer is better than chicken manure organic fertilizer and Flammulina velutipes residue in the soil improvement.

关 键 词：盐渍化土壤 有机肥料 土壤改良 盐分离子 设施菜地 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] S626[农业科学—农业基础科学] S641.2