基质拌菌育苗对土壤微生物特性和番茄生长发育的影响  

Effects of microbial agents mixed with seedlings substrate on soil microbial characteristics and tomato growth and development

作　　者：应利平 刘玲 张明科[1] YING Li-ping;LIU Ling;ZHANG Ming-ke(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第12期74-81,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：2020年陕西省农业科技创新集成推广项目“设施蔬菜栽培技术推广应用”。

摘　　要：以“水果沃特”番茄品种为供试材料,分别在国产和进口基质中添加6种不同微生物菌剂进行育苗,并于定植后观测不同处理对土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性、番茄生长及果实品质的影响,探寻最优基质拌菌育苗组合。结果表明:(1)国产基质拌菌育苗各处理显著增加了定植后土壤细菌和放线菌数量,降低了真菌数量,提高了微生物总数;而进口基质拌菌育苗处理对土壤微生物多样性无显著影响。(2)2种基质拌菌育苗对土壤酶活性虽无显著影响,但以草根8号处理下土壤蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最强。(3)番茄株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量以添加草根8号处理表现最佳。(4)国产基质拌菌育苗各处理较对照果实单果重增加,维生素C、番茄红素、可溶性糖、有机酸显著改善;而进口基质拌菌育苗对单果重及果实品质并无显著影响。主成分分析综合评价表明,国产基质+草根8号处理最佳。综上所述,国产基质拌菌育苗效果优于进口基质。国产基质+草根8号处理通过改变番茄土壤微生物群落结构,增加土壤细菌和放线菌数量,降低真菌数量,优化土壤微生物区系,增强番茄植株长势,提高了叶片叶绿素含量,进而达到增产提质的目的。因此,国产基质+草根8号是番茄最优基质拌菌育苗组合。The tomato varieties of“shuiguowote”were used as experimental materials,and six different microbial agents were added into domestic and imported substrates respectively,the effects of different treatments on soil microorganism quantity,soil enzyme activity,tomato growth and fruit quality were observed after transplanting.The results show that:(1)In the domestic substrate mixed seedling,the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil was significantly increased,the number of fungi was decreased,and the total number of microorganisms was increased.However,the microbial diversity of tomato rhizosphere soil was not significantly affected by the inoculation with the imported substrate.(2)Although there was no significant effect on soil enzyme activities under two substrates,soil sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities were the highest under the treatment of Caogen 8.(3)The plant height,stem diameter and chlorophyll content of tomato were the best when Caogen 8 was added.(4)Compared to CK,domestic substrate mixed with bacteria seedling treatment increased fruit weight,viamin C,lycopene,soluble sugar,and organic acid was significantly improved.However,there was no significant effect on fruit weight and fruit quality in the imported matrix mixed seedling.Principal component analysis showed that domestic matrix+Gaogen 8 treatment was the best treatment.In conclusion,the effect of domestic substrate on seedling breeding is better than that of the imported substrate.Domestic substrate+Caogen 8 treatment can achieve the purpose of increasing production and improving quality by changing the microbial community structure of tomato rhizosphere soil,increasing the number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes,reducing the number of fungi,optimizing the soil microbial community,enhancing the growth of tomato plants,and improving the green content of leaves.Therefore,domestic matrix+Caogen 8 is the best combination of matrix mixed bacteria for tomato seedlings.

关 键 词：基质拌菌 番茄 土壤微生物 酶活性 品质 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S154.3[农业科学—园艺学]