不同氮磷水平下小麦-蚕豆间作对产量稳定性的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen or phosphorus levels on yield stability of wheat and faba bean intercropping

作　　者：李春宇 覃潇敏 肖靖秀[1] 汤利[1] 郑毅[1,2] LI Chun-yu;QIN Xiao-min;XIAO Jing-xiu;TANG Li;ZHENG Yi(College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201;Yunnan Open University,Kunming Yunnan 650599)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南开放大学,云南昆明650599

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第12期114-122,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31760615,31760611,32060718);云南省农业联合专项(2018FG001-071);云南省科技人才与平台计划(2019IC026);云南省高层次人才培养计划“青年拔尖人才”项目。

摘　　要：研究不同氮或磷水平下小麦-蚕豆间作对产量稳定性的影响,为小麦-蚕豆间作系统的高产稳产及合理施肥提供理论依据。通过5年(2015~2019年)的田间定位试验,设4个氮水平(N0-0 kg·hm^(-2)、N1-90 kg·hm^(-2)、N2-180 kg·hm^(-2)和N3-270 kg·hm^(-2))、3个磷水平(P0-0 kg·hm^(-2),P1-45 kg·hm^(-2)和P2-90 kg·hm^(-2))和3种种植模式(小麦单作、蚕豆单作和小麦-蚕豆间作),分析小麦-蚕豆间作系统的产量稳定性。结果表明:与单作相比,4个氮水平下5年间作小麦平均籽粒产量分别增加32.9%、26.1%、21.9%、14.7%,3个磷水平下5年间作小麦平均籽粒产量分别增加16.7%、20.5%、21.9%。不同氮或磷水平下,小麦-蚕豆间作具有产量优势,平均土地当量比分别为1.12和1.10。间作提高了小麦产量的稳定性,降低了蚕豆产量的稳定性,且适当施氮或磷肥可以提高小麦-蚕豆间作系统的产量稳定性。间作提高了小麦的土壤地力贡献率,增加了小麦的磷肥贡献率,但降低了其氮肥贡献率。低氮(N1)或低磷(P1)条件下,小麦-蚕豆间作可以维持产量的稳定性。在本试验条件下,小麦-蚕豆间作具有减施氮磷肥、维持作物产量及其稳定性的潜力。The effects of wheat and faba bean intercropping on yield stability under different nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizer levels were investigated with the aim of providing theoretical basis on high and stable yields and rational fertilization of the intercropping system.Five-year field trials involving four nitrogen levels(N0:0 kg·hm^(-2),N1:90 kg·hm^(-2),N2:180 kg·hm^(-2) and N3:270 kg·hm^(-2)),three phosphorus levels(P0:0 kg·hm^(-2),P1:45kg·hm^(-2)and P2:90 kg·hm^(-2))and three cropping patterns(wheat monocropping,faba bean monocropping,wheat and faba bean intercropping)were conducted to analyze the yield stability of wheat and faba bean.Results showed that compared with monocropping,the average grain yield of wheat under four nitrogen levels increased by 32.9%,26.1%,21.9%and 14.7%,and the average grain yield of wheat under three phosphorus levels increased by 16.7%,20.5%and 21.9%,respectively.Wheat and faba bean intercropping had yield advantages under different nitrogen or phosphorus levels,and the average land equivalent ratio was 1.12 and 1.10,respectively.Intercropping improved the yield stability of wheat over monocropping,while reduced the yield stability of faba bean.Appropriate application of nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizer could improve the yield stability of wheat and faba bean intercropping system.Meanwhile,intercropping increased the contribution rates of soil fertility and phosphorus fertilizer for wheat,but decreased the contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Wheat and faba bean intercropping can maintain yield stability under low nitrogen(N1)or low phosphorus(P1)supply.Under the experimental conditions,wheat and faba bean intercropping has the potential to reduce the input of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and maintain crop yield and its stability.

关 键 词：小麦-蚕豆间作 氮水平 磷水平 产量稳定性 土壤地力贡献率 肥料贡献率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S643.6