硅对猪屎豆、高丹草生长与养分释放规律的影响  

Effects of silicon on growth and nutrient release of Crotalaria pallida and Sorghum sudanense

作　　者：郭紫惠 张炳辰 姚凯 王佳靓 张琼月 卞云婷 闫洋 常春荣[1] GUO Zi-hui;ZHANG Bing-chen;YAO Kai;WANG Jia-liang;ZHANG Qiong-yue;BIAN Yun-ting;YAN Yang;CHANG Chun-rong(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou Hainan 570228)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第12期164-170,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0202101)。

摘　　要：为探讨施硅对猪屎豆和高丹草生长与自然还田条件下的降解规律及养分释放特征,开展了施用硅肥(SiO_(2))42.4 kg/hm^(2)对猪屎豆和高丹草绿肥生长、养分含量影响的试验,在自然条件下采用尼龙网袋法研究了施用硅后猪屎豆和高丹草还田3~168 d有机碳降解率以及氮、磷、钾释放规律。结果表明:施用硅肥显著提高了猪屎豆和高丹草的产量、硅含量,提高了猪屎豆中氮和高丹草中钾的含量,与未施用硅相比,施用硅分别提高猪屎豆和高丹草的产量27.87%和24.90%;分别提高硅含量82.75%和29.15%;分别提高养分(N+P+K)累积量30.60%和28.80%;猪屎豆中氮和高丹草中钾分别提高15.79%和7.51%;施用硅后显著降低猪屎豆和高丹草还田3~56 d有机碳降解率、氮释放率以及猪屎豆干物质降解率;与未施用硅相比,还田后56 d分别降低有机碳降解率8.90%和7.46%、氮释放率7.85%和12.11%、猪屎豆干物质降解率12.53%;绿肥施用硅后还田在自然条件下2种绿肥的降解规律差异不显著,高丹草干物质、有机碳表现出比较高的的降解加速度,猪屎豆还田后28 d氮、磷、钾的释放率比高丹草的高出5.80~18.13个百分点。研究结果为进一步提高绿肥土壤培肥效果奠定基础。In order to explore the degradation rules and nutrient release characteristics of silicon fertilizer on the growth of Crotalaria pallida and Sorghum sudanense,and under the conditions of natural returning to the field,experiment was conducted to explore the effects of silicon fertilizer on the growth,nutrients content and organic carbon degradation law,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrients release characteristics at 3~168 d after the returning of Crotalaria pallida and Sorghum sudanense to field under natural conditions through nylon mesh bag method.The result showed that,compared with no silicon treatment,42.4 kg/hm^(2)silicon fertilizer(SiO_(2))significantly increased the yield of two green manures by 27.87%and 24.90%,nutrient(N+P+K)accumulation by 30.60%and 28.80%,silicon concentration by 82.75%and 29.15%,respectively,and increased the nitrogen content of Crotalaria pallida by 15.79%,potassium content of Sorghum sudanense by 7.51%.Silicon fertilizer suppressed remarkably two manure’s organic carbon degradation,nitrogen releasing and dry matter degradation of Crotalaria pallida after returning to field 3~56 d under natural conditions.At 56 d after manure returning to field,two manure’s organic carbon degradation decreased by 8.90%and 7.46%,nitrogen releasing decreased by 7.85%and 12.11%,respectively,and dry matter degradation of Crotalaria pallida decreased by 12.53%,compared with no silicon treatment.There was no distinct change in degrading characteristics for two green manures with silicon fertilization,but dry matter and organic carbon degrading acceleration for Sorghum sudanense was higher than that of Crotalaria pallida,and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium releasing rate at 28 d after returning to field was 5.80~18.13 percentage points higher.These results could provide important basis to improve the effect of green manure cultivation soil fertility.

关 键 词：硅 猪屎豆 高丹草 抑制作用 养分释放 

分 类 号：S55[农业科学—作物学]