2017-2019年南疆西部和昆仑山北坡GPS大气可降水量变化特征  

Variation Characteristics of GPS Precipitable Water Vapor over the West of Southern Xinjiang and the Northern Slope of Kunlun Mountains During 2017-2019

作　　者：于碧馨 刘晶[2,3] 安大维 张云惠 YU Bixin;LIU Jing;AN Dawei;ZHANG Yunhui(Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory,Urumqi 830002,China;Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;Center for Central Asia Atmosphere Science Research,Urumqi 830002,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆气象台,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]中亚大气科学研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2022年第6期25-33,共9页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41965002);中亚大气科学研究基金项目(CAAS202005);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk1003)。

摘　　要：基于2017—2019年南疆地基GPS大气可降水量(简称“GPS-PWV”)、常规探空水汽廓线计算的大气可降水量(简称“RS-PWV”)和逐时降水资料,统计分析南疆西部和昆仑山北坡GPS-PWV时空变化特征、夏季不同海拔高度不同降水量级下GPS-PWV变化与实际降水的对应关系。结果表明:(1)南疆西部和昆仑山北坡GPS-PWV与RS-PWV,二者具有很高的相关性。(2)不同海拔高度站点GPS-PWV空间分布差异明显,大部分站点GPS-PWV随海拔高度的增加而降低。(3)各站点GPS-PWV逐月变化均呈单峰型,冬季12月或1月最小,夏季7、8月最大;春、夏季各站GPS-PWV距平日变化为单峰型,秋、冬季GPS-PWV距平日变化除秋季乌恰站、若羌站为单峰型外,其他均为三峰或四峰型。(4)各站有、无降水时PWV平均值差异明显,昆仑山北坡差异更大;降水发生前GPS-PWV已开始上升,南疆西部PWV峰值主要出现在降水前0~1 h,昆仑山北坡PWV峰值主要出现在降水前0~3 h和7~9 h。Based on the ground-based GPS Precipitable Water Vapor(hereinafter referred to as“GPS-PWV”),Precipitable Water Vapor calculated by conventional sounding water vapor profile(hereinafter referred to as“RS-PWV”)and hourly precipitation data over southern Xinjiang from 2017to 2019,the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of GPS-PWV over the west of southern Xinjiang and the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains;and the correspondence between the variation of GPS-PWV under the different altitudes and precipitation levels are statistically analyzed.The results show that GPS-PWV and RS-PWV have a high correlation over the west of southern Xinjiang and the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains as expected.The spatial distribution of GPS-PWV at different altitudes is significantly different,and GPS-PWV at most observation sites decreases with altitude increased.The monthly changes of GPS-PWV at each observation site are unimodal,with the smallest in December or January(winter),and the largest in July and August(summer).The GPS-PWV anomalies at each site are unimodal in spring and summer,while they are all three-peak or four-peak in autumn and winter,except for the single-peak type at Wuqia and Ruoqiang station in autumn.There is a significant difference in the average PWV between with and without precipitation at each site,and the difference is greater on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains.The PWV has begun to rise before the precipitation,the peak of the PWV mainly occurs within 0-1 h before the precipitation over the west of southern Xinjiang,and the peak PWV occurs 0~3 h and 7-9 h before the precipitation over the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains.

关 键 词：大气可降水量 地基GPS 南疆西部 昆仑山北坡 时空变化特征 

分 类 号：P456[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]