中昆仑山北坡一次极端暴雨天气过程分析  

Causes Analysis of an Extreme Torrentaial Rain on the North Slope of Middle Kunlun Mountains

作　　者：唐鹏 黄艳[1] 张丽 陈天宇[1] 杨小芳 TANG Peng;HUANG Yan;ZHANG Li;CHEN Tianyu;YANG Xiaofang(Hotan Meteorological Bureau,Hotan 848000,China)

机构地区：[1]和田地区气象局,新疆和田848000

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2022年第6期34-41,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2021D01A15)。

摘　　要：利用常规气象探测、FY卫星、多普勒天气雷达以及再分析等资料,对2021年6月15—16日出现在中昆仑山北坡极端暴雨成因进行分析。结果表明:西伯利亚到中亚有低槽稳定维持,昆仑山北坡环境大气逐渐变得潮湿不稳定。500 hPa低槽东移分成两段,位于中亚低槽与印度半岛西北部低槽南北叠加,地面东、西两股冷空气进入盆地,使得不同性质空气充分混合。东风急流中心在且末至若羌,和田中部有偏东与偏西风辐合、水汽辐合、强的水汽输送、强上升运动。水汽输送主要距地4 000 m以下,水汽源地位于天山南坡、高原南坡。地面的热力不均匀、高空急流、地面辐合线、地形等作用使得降水强度增强。强降水以γ小尺度系统为主,在地面辐合线附近表现为快速生消的特征。The causes of the extreme rainstorm that occurred on the north slope of the middle Kunlun Mountains on June 15-16,2021 are analyzed by using conventional meteorological soundings,FY satellites,Doppler weather radar,and reanalysis data.The results showed that this rainstorm was maintained by a stable low trough from Siberia to Central Asia,and the ambient atmosphere on the north slope of the Kunlun Mountains gradually became moist and unstable.The 500 hPa trough moved eastward and divided into two sections,located in the Central Asian trough and the north-western Indian peninsula trough superimposed north-south,and the cold air from the east and west of the ground entered the Tarim Basin,which made the air of different properties fully mixed.The center of the easterly jet stream was in the area from Qiemo to Ruoqiang,and there were convergence of easterly and westerly winds,convergence of water vapor,strong water vapor transport,and strong upward movement in the central part of Hotan.The water vapor transport was mainly below 4,000 meters from the ground,and the water vapor source was located on the south slope of Tianshan Mountains and the south slope of the plateau.The precipitation intensity was enhanced by the thermal inhomogeneity of the ground,the high-altitude jet stream,the ground convergence line,and topography.The intense precipitation was dominated by meso-γ scale systems,which showed rapid generation and extinction near the ground convergence lines.

关 键 词：昆仑山北坡 极端暴雨 水汽 

分 类 号：P458.121.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]