种植密度对不同玉米品种籽粒脱水特性和机收质量的影响  

Effects of Planting Density on Grain Dehydration Characteristics and Harvesting Quality of Maize Varieties

作　　者：刘亚楠 路战远 孙峰成[1] 张向前 张佳倩 包额尔敦嘎 冯晔 于洋[5] 钱德芳 LIU Yanan;LU Zhanyuan;SUN Fengcheng;ZHANG Xiangqian;ZHANG Jiaqian;BAO Eerdunga;FENG Ye;YU Yang;QIAN Defang(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science,Hohhot 010031,China;Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010020,China;Tongliao Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tongliao 028015,China;Inner Mongolia Hongbo Seed Science and Technology Co.Ltd.,Tongliao 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]河北农业大学,河北保定071000 [3]内蒙古大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [4]通辽市农业科学研究院,内蒙古通辽028015 [5]内蒙古宏博种业科技有限公司,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《华北农学报》2022年第6期132-141,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300904;2016YFD0300905)。

摘　　要：为了探究种植密度对不同玉米品种籽粒含水率、脱水速率和机收质量的影响,阐明收获期不同密度下玉米籽粒的脱水规律和机收损失特征,为春玉米密植模式下确定适宜的机械粒收时间提供理论依据,以郑单958(ZD958)、先玉335(XY335)、粒收1号(LS1)、中农222(ZN222)和中农239(ZN239)5个玉米品种为试验材料,设6.0万,7.5万,9.0万株/hm^(2)共3个种植密度,分析不同密度处理对春玉米收获期籽粒含水率、脱水速率和破碎率的影响。结果表明,9.0万株/hm^(2)处理春玉米籽粒含水率显著低于7.5万,6.0万株/hm^(2),而两低密度处理之间籽粒含水率无显著差异;不同品种间籽粒含水率差异较大,连续2 a试验籽粒含水率从高到低均为ZD958>LS1>ZN222>XY335>ZN239;种植密度对籽粒脱水速率无显著影响,但品种对籽粒脱水速率影响极显著;随种植密度增加,籽粒含水率、破碎率呈降低趋势。综上,ZD958和XY335不适宜当地机械收获,LS1、ZN239和ZN222为适宜当地机收的品种,适宜密度为7.5万~9.0万株/hm^(2)。In order to explore the effects of planting density on grain moisture content,dehydration rate and mechanical harvesting quality of different maize varieties,to clarify the dehydration law and mechanical harvesting loss characteristics of maize grains under different densities at harvesting stage,and to provide theoretical basis for determining the appropriate mechanical grain harvesting time under dense planting mode of spring maize.Five maize varieties Zhengdan 958(ZD958),Xianyu 335(XY335),Lishou 1(LS1),Zhongnong 222(ZN222)and Zhongnong 239(ZN239)were used as experimental materials,and planting densities of 60000,75000 and 90000 plants/ha were set.The effects of different density treatments on grain moisture content,dehydration rate and harvesting quality of spring maize were analyzed.The results showed that planting density significantly affected the grain water content at mature stage,and the grain water content of 90000 plants/ha was significantly lower than that of 75000,60000 plants/ha,while there was no significant difference between the two low density treatments.There was a great difference in water content among different varieties,and the water content from high to low in two consecutive years were ZD958>LS1>ZN222>XY335>ZN239.Planting density had no significant effect on dehydration rate,but variety had a significant effect on dehydration rate.With the increase of planting density,the water content and fragmentation rate of seed decreased.The results showed that ZD958 and XY335 were not suitable for local mechanical harvesting,while LS1,ZN239 and ZN222 were suitable for local mechanical harvesting.The optimum density is from 75000 to 90000 plants/ha.

关 键 词：玉米 种植密度 品种 收获期 脱水速率 机收质量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]