黔西北贫困山区不同地貌形态下土地利用变化的地形梯度效应分析  

Analysis of terrain gradient effect on land use change under different landforms in poor mountainous areas of northwest Guizhou

作　　者：廖艳梅 尹林江 兰安军[3,4] 翟香 施厚军 张玉彪 钟九生[3,4] LIAO Yanmei;YIN Linjiang;LAN Anjun;ZHAI Xiang;SHI Houjun;ZHANG Yubiao;ZHONG Jiusheng(Guizhou Institute of Natural Resources Survey and Planning,Guiyang 550001,China;Institute of Mountain Resources of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550001,China;School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China;State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省自然资源勘测规划研究院,贵阳550001 [2]贵州省山地资源研究所,贵阳550001 [3]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳550025 [4]国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵阳550001

出　　处：《生态科学》2023年第2期111-118,共8页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0502606);国家自然科学基金项目(41661081);贵州省第三次全国国土调查省级数据库及管理系统项目。

摘　　要：为揭示贫困山区不同地貌形态下土地利用在地形梯度上的空间分布特征及规律,以毕节市为研究区,将其划分为喀斯特区与非喀斯特区,以2009年与2018年土地利用数据和DEM为数据源,运用地形位指数、地形分布指数等方法,探讨土地利用变化在不同地形梯度下的分异特征。结果表明:(1)喀斯特区与非喀斯特区土地利用类型均在地形梯度上表现出明显的层级性。旱地、水田、园地、建设用地、道路、水域对低地形有一定的选择性,有林地、灌木林地、草地、未利用地则对高地形有一定的选择性,其中非喀斯特区土地利用类型在低地形区域分布更广。(2)喀斯特与非喀斯特区土地利用多样性的地形梯度效应明显,2009年其随地形梯度增加变化幅度较大,2018年则表现为地形梯度越低,多样性越高。与非喀斯特区相比,喀斯特区的多样性在区间1、2、5高于非喀斯特区,区间3—4内则相反。(3)喀斯特区与非喀斯特区土地利用程度的地形梯度效应显著,均表现为地形梯度越高,土地利用程度越低。其存在的空间差异是自然环境、社会经济和政策因素共同作用的结果。For revealing the spatial distribution characteristics and laws of land use on topographic gradient under different geomorphic forms in poor mountainous areas,the paper took Bijie City as the research area,which was divided into karst and non-karst areas.Based on land use data and DEM in 2009 and 2018,different characteristics of the land use change under different terrain gradients was discussed through the methods of topographic index,topographic distribution index.The results are as follows.1)The land use types in karst and non-karst areas are hierarchical in terrain gradient.Dry land,paddy field,garden land,construction land,road and water area have certain selectivity for low terrain,while woodland,shrub land,grassland and unused land have certain selectivity for high terrain,among which land use types in non-karst areas are more widely distributed in low terrain area.2)It has obvious effect for the terrain gradient on land use diversity in karst and non-karst areas.It had great changes as the augment of terrain gradient in 2009.And in 2018,the lower the terrain gradient was,the higher the diversity was.Compared with non-karst area,the diversity of karst area is higher in interval 1,2 and 5 than that of non-karst area,but the opposite is true in interval 3-4.3)The terrain gradient effect of karst and non-karst land use degree is significant,which shows the higher the terrain gradient is,the lower the land use degree is.The spatial difference is influenced by natural environment,socio-economy and policy.

关 键 词：土地利用 地形梯度 地形分布指数 喀斯特区 非喀斯特区 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]