海底滑坡典型特征及石油地质学意义  

Characteristics of submarine landslides and their implications for petroleum geology

作　　者：张云山 吴南 贾永刚 尉建功 ZHANG Yunshan;WU Nan;JIA Yonggang;WEI Jiangong(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Sanya Ocean Research Institute,Ocean University of China,Sanya 572000,China;State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Laboratory for Marine Geology,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China;Sanya Institute of South China Sea Geology,Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Sanya 572000,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学山东省海洋环境地质工程重点实验室,青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学三亚海洋研究院,三亚572000 [3]同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室,上海200092 [4]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室,海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,青岛266237 [5]中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局三亚南海地质研究所,三亚572000 [6]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广州511458

出　　处：《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2023年第1期94-104,共11页Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology

基　　金：青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室(MGQNLM-TD201808);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项“大洋钻探科学研究—南海重大基础地质问题与首钻选址”(GML2019ZD0201);广东省海洋经济发展(海洋六大产业)专项资金项目(粤自然资合[2021]58号)。

摘　　要：海底滑坡是一种由于重力失稳导致的广泛发生在外陆架-上陆坡-深海平原的沉积物搬运体,是海底沉积物重要的搬运过程,具有较强的侵蚀能力和搬运能力,可将大量陆架沉积物搬运至深海,为深海带来丰富的沉积物。再沉积后的滑坡体因其特殊的内部结构,对海洋油气成藏有重要影响。综合国内外研究,对海底滑坡空间展布特征和垂向结构特征进行总结,对滑坡体岩石物理特征进行梳理,揭示海底滑坡边界特征、内部结构以及岩石物理特征。结合海底滑坡特征,从提供物源、储层、盖层、改变海底温压等方面分析海底滑坡对海底油气藏的积极意义,从破坏盖层、改变海底土体温压环境等方面分析海底滑坡对海底油气藏的负面影响。最后结合国内外研究现状,指出未来应对海底滑坡微尺度特征识别、进一步开展海底滑坡与海底油气藏联系以及加强海洋油气开发致灾风险等方面进行深入研究。Submarine landslide is a type of sediment transport body that occurs widely in the regions from outer continental shelf to upper continental slope and to deep-sea plain due to gravity instability. It is an important transport process of seafloor sediments. Its strong power of erosion could transport a huge amount of sediments from continental shelf to deep sea. A landslide event has an important impact on submarine hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution because of its special internal structure. This mini-review summarizes studies on submarine landslide and its role in shaping and re-working marine hydrocarbon resources, specified the characteristics in spatial distribution and vertical structure of submarine landslides, and revealed preliminarily the petrophysical characteristics of landslides. Based on the above-mentioned works, the roles of submarine landslides in both positive and negative manner, on submarine oil and gas reservoirs was analyzed in terms of provenance,reservoir, caprock, and variations in seafloor temperature and pressure. Finally, combined with the current research progresses, we pointed out that the future direction of research shall focus on the microscale characteristics of submarine landslides, on the relationship between submarine landslides and submarine oil and gas reservoirs, and on the prevention in submarine-landslide –risk regions against possible disaster from trigging during offshore operation of oil and gas development.

关 键 词：海底滑坡 结构特征 岩石物理特性 海洋油气 

分 类 号：P736[天文地球—海洋地质]