三种蒸散发测算方法的比较——以青藏高原风火山地区为例  

Comparison of three evapotranspiration calculation methods: a case study of Fenghuoshan area in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：张文旭 王根绪[1,3] 胡兆永 ZHANG Wenxu;WANG Genxu;HU Zhaoyong(Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,College of Water Resource and Hydropower,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]四川大学水利水电学院水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2023年第1期130-139,共10页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(41890821);中国科学院、青海省人民政府三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-10)资助。

摘　　要：作为全球气候变化的敏感器和放大器,青藏高原的水文过程是目前的研究热点,其中,蒸散发是青藏高原水文循环最难估算的分量。借助青藏高原腹地风火山地区涡度相关系统、蒸渗仪、气象观测系统获取的观测数据,采取涡度相关法、蒸渗仪测定和FAO56 Penman-Monteith公式三种方式,对2019年风火山地区生长季实际蒸散发量进行了评价。结果表明:在青藏高原风火山地区高寒草甸生长季前期、中期、后期作物系数分别为0.93、1.11、1.14;三种方法获得的生长季实际蒸散发值基本相似,生长季蒸散发量(495.00±21.69) mm大于同时期降水量377.89 mm;风火山地区生长季蒸散发量日均值为(2.70±0.12) mm,风火山地区生长季不同阶段蒸散发量日均值表现为生长季中期[(3.03±0.10) mm]>生长季后期[(2.49±0.12) mm]>生长季前期[(2.23±0.18) mm]。文章中求取的不同生长阶段作物系数、蒸散发量为青藏高原类似地区蒸散发观测和模拟提供了基础资料。As a sensor and amplifier of global climate change, the hydrological process of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a hot topic at present. Among them, evapotranspiration is the most difficult component in the hydrological cycle of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Based on the observation data of vorticity system, Lysimeter and meteorological observation system in the Fenghuoshan area in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the actual evapotranspiration in the growing season of the Fenghuoshan area in 2019 was evaluated by means of vorticity correlation method, lysimeter measurement and FAO56 Penman-Monteith formula. The results showed that: in Fenghuoshan area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the crop coefficients of early, middle and late growing season were 0.93, 1.11 and 1.14, respectively;the actual evapotranspiration values obtained by the three methods were basically similar. The evapotranspiration in growing season was(495.00±21.69) mm, which was greater than 377.89 mm of precipitation in the same period;The results showed that the daily mean of evapotranspiration in Fenghuoshan area was(2.70±0.12) mm in the growing season, and the daily mean value of evapotranspiration in different stages of the growing season in Fenghuoshan area was(3.03±0.10) mm>(2.49±0.12) mm> and(2.23±0.18) mm, respectively. The calculated crop coefficients and evapotranspiration at different growth stages provide basic data for evapotranspiration observation and simulation in similar areas of the QinghaiTibet Plateau.

关 键 词：青藏高原 生长季蒸散发 涡度 蒸渗仪 PENMAN-MONTEITH公式 

分 类 号：Q945.17+2[生物学—植物学] S161.2+1[农业科学—农业气象学]