西南地区农村留守儿童运动发育及其影响因素的相关研究  

Study on the Motor Development and its Influencing Factors of Rural Left-behind Children in Southwest China

作　　者：吕晓江[1] 吴英 何川[1] 雷霞[1] 唐菁华[1] 夏林滔 LYU Xiao-jiang;WU Ying;HE Chuan;LEI Xia;TANG Jing-hua;XIA Lin-tao(Department of Pediatrics,Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College,Nanchong 637000,Sichuan,China;Nanchong Health School of Sichuan Province,Nanchong 637000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]川北医学院附属医院儿科,四川南充637000 [2]南充市卫生学校,四川南充637000

出　　处：《医学信息》2023年第2期99-102,共4页Journal of Medical Information

基　　金：川北医学院附属医院院级课题(编号:ZX-2020-003)。

摘　　要：目的 调查西南地区农村留守儿童运动发育现状,分析影响该地区3~6岁儿童运动功能发育的主要影响因素。方法 采用问卷调查,便利抽样2019年1月-2020年10月至川北医学院附属医院就诊的农村儿童457人。采用自制的《西南地区3~6岁儿童生长发育状况调查问卷》和Peabody量表(PMDS-2)测量和评估儿童营养状况及运动能力发育情况。结果 农村留守儿童年龄别体重(WAZ)、年龄别身高(HAZ)、身高别体重(WHZ)以及粗大运动商(GMQ)、精细运动商(FMQ)和总运动商(TMQ)均低于农村非留守儿童(P<0.05);留守儿童中得分等级为差水平的有54人(21.34%),非留守儿童中得分为差水平的有4人(1.96%),留守儿童运动发育障碍儿童比例高于非留守儿童(P<0.05);单因素分析显示,不同文化程度、抚养方式、HAZ、WHZ间运动发育迟缓比例比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但不同家庭月收入间发育迟缓比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 西南地区农村留守儿童运动发育低于非留守儿童,其原因可能与文化水平、是否单亲抚养及营养状况相关,与经济状况无关。Objective To Investigate the status quo of motor development of rural left-behind children in Southwest China, and analyze the main factors affecting the development of motor function of children aged 3 to 6 in this area.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to conveniently sample 457 rural children who visited the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 2019 to October 2020. The self-made "Growth and Development Questionnaire for Children Aged 3-6 Years in Southwest China" and Peabody Scale(PMDS-2) were used to measure and evaluate the nutritional status and motor ability development of children.Results The weight for age Z score(WAZ), height for age Z score(HAZ), weight for height Z score(WHZ), gross motor quotient(GMQ), fine motor quotient(FMQ) and total motor quotient(TMQ) of rural leftbehind children were lower than those of rural non-left-behind children(P<0.05). There were 54(21.34%) left-behind children with poor scores, and4(1.96%) non-left-behind children with poor scores, and the proportion of children with motor development disorders in left-behind children was higher than that in non-left-behind children(P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the proportion of motor retardation among different education levels, parenting styles, HAZ and WHZ(P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of motor retardation among different family monthly incomes(P>0.05).Conclusion The motor development of left-behind children in rural areas of Southwest China is lower than that of non-left-behind children. The reason may be related to the level of education, single parent rearing and nutritional status, but not to the economic status.

关 键 词：留守儿童 运动发育 营养状况 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]