不同中性洗涤纤维水平饲粮对塔里木马鹿瘤胃微生物种群结构的影响  

Effects of Diets with Different Neutral Detergent Fiber Levels on Rumen Microbial Population Structure of Tarim Wapiti

作　　者：关鹏 任建刚 黄建智 盛月云 贾存辉 吐尔逊阿依·赛买提 钱文熙[1,2] GUAN Peng;REN Jiangang;HUANG Jianzhi;SHENG Yueyun;JIA Cunhui;TURSUN Saimaiti;QIAN Wenxi(Collage of Animal Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;Tarim Key Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Construction Corps,Alar 843300,China;Jimsar District Grid Service Management Centre,Changji 831700,China;China People’s Property Insurance Co.,Ltd.Kizilsu Kirgiz Branch,Kizilsu 845350,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院,阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆建设兵团塔里木畜牧科技重点实验室,阿拉尔843300 [3]吉木萨尔县网格化服务管理中心,昌吉831700 [4]中国人民财产保险股份有限公司克孜勒苏柯尔克孜分公司,克孜勒苏845350

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第2期1206-1218,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金——塔里木马鹿瘤胃微生物对荒漠饲草适应机制的研究(31460610);兵团财政科技计划项目——南疆科研条件建设计划项目(2022DA002)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究不同中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平饲粮对塔里木马鹿瘤胃微生物种群结构的影响。选择体重[(180±3)kg]接近、年龄(5岁)相同且安装永久瘤胃瘘管的雌性塔里木马鹿5头,采用5×5拉丁方试验设计分5期进行,分别饲喂NDF水平为47%、42%、37%、32%和27%的5种试验饲粮。每个试验期21 d,总试验期105 d。利用全收粪法测定塔里木马鹿的营养物质表观消化率,通过高通量测序技术和形态学观察对细菌和原虫种群结构进行研究。结果显示:1)各组之间NDF和有机物(OM)表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。27%NDF水平组的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率显著高于47%NDF水平组(P<0.05)。2)试验共统计到了10个属的原虫,其中内毛属、双毛属、前毛属、后毛属和厚毛属为优势种群。47%和42%NDF水平组瘤胃原虫活力显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),47%NDF水平组瘤胃原虫密度显著高于37%、32%和27%NDF水平组(P<0.05)。3)47%和42%NDF水平组瘤胃内毛属原虫比例显著低于32%和27%NDF水平组(P<0.05),47%NDF水平组瘤胃双毛属原虫比例显著高于37%、32%和27%NDF水平组(P<0.05)。4)在门水平上,瘤胃拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacteres)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为优势菌门;27%NDF水平组瘤胃Bacteroidetes相对丰度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),32%和27%NDF水平组瘤胃Fibrobacteres相对丰度显著低于47%和42%NDF水平组(P<0.05)。在属水平上,瘤胃普雷沃氏菌属1(Prevotella_1)、理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)和纤维杆菌属(Fibrobacter)为优势菌属;32%和27%NDF水平组瘤胃Prevotella_1相对丰度显著高于47%和42%NDF水平组(P<0.05)。47%和42%NDF水平组瘤胃Fibrobacter相对显著高于37%、32%和27%NDF水平组(P<0.05)。由此可见,不同水平NDF饲粮对塔里木马鹿的营养物质表观消化率影响较小,塔里木马鹿瘤胃种群整体结构稳定,对高纤维饲粮有�This experiment was conducted to study the effects of effects of diets with different neutral detergent fiber(NDF)levels on rumen microbial population structure of Tarim wapiti.Five female Tarim wapiti with similar body weight[(180±3)kg],the same age(5 years)and permanent rumen fistula were selected and fed five experimental diets which contained 47%,42%,37%,32%and 27%NDF,respectively,in a 5×5 Latin square design.Each experiment lasted for 21 days,and the total experiment lasted for 105 days.The total fecal collection method was used to determine the nutrient apparent digestibility of Tarim wapiti,and the population structure of bacteria and protozoa was studied by high-throughput sequencing technology and morphological observation.The results showed as follows:1)there was no significant difference in apparent digestibility of NDF and organic matter(OM)among all groups(P>0.05).The apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber(ADF)and crude protein(CP)of 27%NDF level group was significantly higher than that of 47%NDF level group(P<0.05).2)A total of 10 genera of protozoa were counted in the experiment,and the Entodinium,Diplodinium,Epidinium,Metadinium and Dasytricha were the dominant populations.The rumen protozoa activity of 47%and 42%NDF level groups was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05).The rumen protozoa density of 47%NDF level group was significantly higher than that of 37%,32%and 27%NDF level groups(P<0.05).3)The protozoa proportion of Entodinium in rumen of 47%and 42%NDF level groups was significantly lower than that of 32%and 27%NDF level groups(P<0.05),and the protozoa proportion of Diplodinium in rumen of 47%NDF level group was significantly higher than that of 37%,32%and 27%NDF level groups(P<0.05).4)At phylum level,the Bacteroidetes,Fibrobacteres,Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla.The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in rumen of 27%NDF level group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of Fibrobacteres in rume

关 键 词：塔里木马鹿 瘤胃种群 瘤胃原虫 纤维杆菌属 

分 类 号：S825[农业科学—畜牧学]