甘肃根茎类中药材机械化生产现状及展望  

Present status and prospect of mechanized production of Rhizome Chinese herbal medicine in Gansu Province

作　　者：于庆旭 张陆海 蔡子平[3] 刘燕 龚艳 曹光乔 Yu Qingxu;Zhang Luhai;Cai Ziping;Liu Yan;Gong Yan;Cao Guangqiao(Nanjing Institute of Agriculture Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,210014,China;Gansu Technology Promotion General Station of Agricultural Mechanization,Lanzhou,730046,China;Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou,730070,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京市210014 [2]甘肃省农业机械化技术推广总站,兰州市730046 [3]甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所,兰州市730070

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2023年第2期29-36,共8页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(S202101—01、S202101—02、S202101—03、S202218、S202219、S202227);中国农业科学院科技创新工程西部寒旱区特色作物生产机械化创新团队。

摘　　要：中药材是甘肃省特色产业之一,近年来随着国家产业政策向特色产业转移,甘肃省中药材面积在逐年增加,种植中药材已成为广大农村和农民脱贫致富的有效途径,中药材生产全程机械化的需求日渐加剧。通过文献查阅与实地调研,结合根茎类中药材关键栽培农艺技术,针对当归、党参和黄芪等道地中药材,从耕种管收等作业环节,概述机械化研究及应用现状。指出机械化生产存在的问题:中药材种植区域多为丘陵山地,种植面积分散且较小;根茎类中药材品种繁多,种植方式和栽培农艺要求较多且复杂,农机农艺难融合;关键环节机具存在作业质量差等现象,中药材机具投入收益率不高,药农购买机具的积极性不高;现有机具技术含量低、创新性不足、易被仿制,企业对中药材机械化研发积极性低。提出中药材产业向规模化发展、种植模式向标准化发展、关键环节机具向高质高效发展、中药材机械生产企业向龙头企业发展的未来趋势,以期为中药材生产装备研发提供参考,助力中药材产业进一步发展。Chinese herbal medicine(CHM) is one of the characteristic industries in Gansu Province. In recent years, the national industrial policy has shifted to characteristic industries. The area of Chinese medicinal plants in Gansu Province is increasing year by year. Planting CHM has become an effective way for the vast rural areas and farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich. The demand for the mechanization of the whole process of CHM production is increasing. Through literature review and field investigation, this paper summarizes the current situation of mechanization research and application from the aspects of tillage, planting, management, harvesting and other operational links, combined with the key cultivation agronomic techniques of authentic Rhizome Chinese herbal medicines such as Angelica sinensis, Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus. The problems existing in mechanized production were analyzed. Such as the planting area of CHM was mostly hilly and mountainous, which was scattered and small. There were many varieties of Rhizome Chinese herbal medicines and the planting methods, and cultivation agronomic requirements were more complex, so it was difficult to integrate agricultural machinery and agronomy. There was poor operation quality of CHM equipment in key links, the rate of return on investment was low, and farmers’ enthusiasm for purchasing was not high. The existing CHM equipment had low technical content, lack of innovation, and was easy to be copied, and enterprises had low enthusiasm for the mechanized research and development of CHM. This paper puts forward the future trends of large-scale development of Chinese medicinal materials industry, standardized development of planting mode, high-quality and efficient development of key link machinery and tools, and leading development of Chinese medicinal materials machinery production enterprises, in order to provide reference for the research and development of CHM production equipment, and help the further development of CHM industr

关 键 词：根茎类中药材 道地中药材 种植方式 栽培农艺 机械化生产 

分 类 号：S233.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]