频率—慢度域鬼波压制技术在海底电缆资料中的应用  

Application of Frequency—Flowness Domain De-Ghosting Technology in OBC Data

作　　者：宋鑫 王征[1] 王炜 宫云良 谢涛[1] Song Xin;Wang Zheng;Wang Wei;Gong Yunliang;Xie Tao(Geophysical Research Institute,Geophysical-COSL,Tianjin 300451,China)

机构地区：[1]中海油田服务股份有限公司物探事业部物探研究院,天津300451

出　　处：《工程地球物理学报》2023年第1期11-17,共7页Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics

基　　金：中海油田服务股份有限公司科研项目(编号:E-23182006)。

摘　　要：鬼波压制是海底电缆资料处理中至关重要的一个步骤,业内常采用水陆检合并方法压制电缆鬼波。传统方法在进行水陆检资料匹配处理时,对陆检资料品质要求较高。受仪器设备的影响,陆检资料往往信噪比低,水陆检资料标定系数计算精度低,制约了鬼波压制的精度,同时降低了资料信噪比。为了提高海底电缆资料鬼波压制精度,同时避免合并处理对资料信噪比的降低,本文提出了一种频率—慢度域(f-p)鬼波压制技术,通过在频率—慢度域计算鬼波延迟时间,建立一次波求取的线性方程组,利用最小二乘求解,实现鬼波压制。与传统双检合并方法不同,本方法仅需单个分量数据参与计算,完全数据驱动。通过模型和实际数据测试验证,本方法能够对海底电缆资料单一水检数据或陆检数据实现鬼波压制,达到消除陷波,拓宽地震频带的目的,同时较好地保持了地震资料信噪比。De-ghosting is one of the most crucial step in OBC(ocean bottom cable)seismic data processing.PZ(P component,Z component)summation is used for receiver de-ghosting conventionally,which demands PZ calibration before summation,low quality geophone data and calibration coefficient has bad de-ghosting effects thus decreases the S/N(signal-to-noise ratio).In order to improve the ghost attenuation accuracy of OBC data and avoid the reduction of S/N of data caused by summation processing,this paper proposes a ghost attenuation technique in the frequency-slowness domain(f—p),which calculates the ghost delay time in the frequency-slowness domain,and establishes a linear equation set for getting primaries,and attenuate the ghost by least squares solution.Different from the traditional PZ summation method,this method only requires a single component data to participate in the calculation,which is completely data-driven.Through model and actual data test verification,this method can achieve ghost attenuation on single hydrophone data or geophone data,achieve the purpose of eliminating notch and broadening the seismic frequency band,and better maintain the S/N.

关 键 词：海底电缆 水检数据 频率—慢度域 鬼波压制 

分 类 号：P631.46[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]