职业技能培训对农民工收入的影响——基于个体基本技能差异的分析  

Income Effects of Migrant Workers’ Vocational Skills Training: An Analysis Based on Individual Basic Skill Differences

作　　者：王广慧[1] WANG Guang-hui(Business and Management School,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学商学与管理学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《东北师大学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期104-115,共12页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20BJY051)。

摘　　要：本文基于中国劳动力动态调查数据,应用二元逻辑模型分析了基本技能对农民工参与职业技能培训的影响,并在此基础上应用倾向得分匹配法估计了职业技能培训对其收入的影响。研究结果表明,农民工参与职业技能培训确实存在“基于个体能力的选择”现象,即在其他控制变量相同的情况下,基本技能高的农民工参与职业技能培训的概率显著高于基本技能低的个体。研究结果还表明,当个体基本技能变量被控制后,虽然职业技能培训总体上能够提高农民工的工资水平,但是其对于参与和不参与职业技能培训的农民工的工资水平提升效果明显不同。对于那些已参加职业技能培训的农民工群体而言,培训并没有使他们的工资水平得以显著增加;而对于那些未参加职业技能培训的农民工群体,如果使他们接受培训则会显著提高其工资水平。但是由于培训参与决策存在选择性,基本技能较低的农民工接受培训的概率显著降低,因此如何提高该群体培训参与率,应当是政府及相关部门在制定相应政策或者开展培训之前需要重点关注及解决的问题。This paper applies the binary logic model to analyze the impact of basic skill on migrant workers’ participation decision of vocational skills training, and on this basis applies the propensity score matching method to estimate the impact of vocational skills training on their income by using the data of China Labor Force Dynamic Survey.The results show that there is an ability-based selection phenomenon for migrant workers to participate in vocational skills training, that is, the probability of migrant workers with high basic skill is significantly higher than that of individuals with low basic skill under the same control variables.The results also show that the income effects on migrant workers participating in and not participating in vocational skills training are significantly different when the individual basic skill variable is controlled although the training can significantly improve the wage rate of migrant workers on the whole.The estimates show that the migrant workers’ wage rate with skills training is not increased significantly;and the migrant workers’ wage rate without skills training would be significantly increased if they were trained.However, the probability of migrant workers with low basic skill participate in training is significantly reduced due to the selectivity.Therefore, how to improve the training participation rate of the group with low skill should be the key consideration of the government and relevant departments before formulating corresponding policies or carrying out training.

关 键 词：农民工 职业技能培训 基本技能 倾向得分匹配 选择偏差 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]