浅谈回旋加速器退役拆解过程中实现放射性废物最小化的方法  

Discussion on Decommissioning and Dismantling of Cyclotron Methods to Minimize Radioactive Waste

作　　者：汪源 张天义 陈杨 易亚磊 陈洪涛 Wang Yuan;Zhang Tianyi;Chen Yang;Yi Yalei;Chen Hongtao(Department of Ecology and Environment of Shaanxi Province,Xi’an 710000,China;Xi’an AMS Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710000,China;Beijing Guoyuan New Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102400,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省生态环境厅,西安710000 [2]西安江原安迪科正电子技术有限公司,西安710000 [3]北京国原新技术有限公司,北京102400

出　　处：《核安全》2023年第1期36-42,共7页Nuclear Safety

摘　　要：本文主要针对陕西某三甲医院回旋加速器实施退役过程中,放射性废物最小化处理方法的分析和总结,旨在为今后类似回旋加速器退役治理过程中放射性废物处理提供良好的实践经验。本文中的回旋加速器主要用于生产医用放射性同位素,因设备老旧无法满足生产要求,故对其实施退役,以达到场所和设备清洁解控的目的。本次退役范围主要包括回旋加速器主体及主机房、药物合成室及其配套用房,需要进行清洁治理的为回旋加速器主体及主机房。在对回旋加速器进行拆解和大块部件切割之前和切割过程中,进行现场监测和实验室采样分析,通过现场监测结果和产生的放射性废物源项分析,按照废物最小化原则,对低放射性废物和极低放射性废物进行分类收集整备并送贮,对达到清洁解控水平的部件进行清洁解控与资源回收利用。本次退役共产生放射性废物约25吨,依据本文论述方法分拣出的可解控废物约12吨,实现了废物最小化。This paper mainly analyzes and summarizes the radioactive waste minimization treatment methods in the cyclotron decommissioning process of a Class ⅲ Grade A hospital in Shaanxi Province, aiming to provide good engineering practice experience for the radioactive waste treatment in the similar cyclotron decommissioning process in the future. The cyclotron in this paper is mainly used for the production of medical radioisotopes. Because the equipment is old and cannot meet the production requirements, it is decommissioned to achieve the purpose of cleaning and de-controlling the site and equipment. The decommissioning scope mainly includes the cyclotron main body and main room, drug synthesis room and its supporting rooms, which need to be cleaned and cleaned. In the dismantling of cyclotron and large components before cutting and cutting process, on-site monitoring sampling and laboratory analysis, through the field monitoring results and produce radioactive waste source term analysis, in accordance with the principle of waste minimization, the low-level radioactive waste and low gearing up radioactive waste sorting collection and storage, Clean, decontrol and recycle the components that reach the level of cleaning and decontrol. About 25tons of radioactive waste were generated in this decommissioning, and about 12 tons of decommissioning waste could be sorted out according to the method described in this paper, so as to minimize waste.

关 键 词：回旋加速器 核技术利用项目退役 核与辐射 清洁解控 放射性废物 

分 类 号：X7[环境科学与工程—环境工程]