土壤熏蒸剂棉隆防治土传病害研究进展及未来发展趋势  

Research progresses and future development trends of soil fumigant dazomet in control of soil-borne diseases

作　　者：方文生[1] 王秋霞[1] 颜冬冬[1] 李园[1] 曹兵伟 徐进[3] 靳茜 曹坳程[1] Fang Wensheng;Wang Qiuxia;Yan Dongdong;Li Yuan;Cao Bingwei;Xu Jin;Jin Xi;Cao Aocheng(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Beijing 100029,China;Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Green Management of Soil-Borne Diseases,Baoding 071000,Hebei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193 [2]农业农村部农药检定所,北京100125 [3]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100029 [4]河北省土传病害绿色防控技术创新中心,保定071000

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2023年第1期40-49,共10页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32001952,31972313)。

摘　　要：棉隆对病原细菌、真菌、根结线虫及杂草均有较高防效,而且作为固体微颗粒剂具有使用简单、安全的特性,被广泛用于作物种植前熏蒸土壤以防治土传病虫害。施用过程中,土壤环境因素(包括土壤类型、土壤温湿度、土壤有机质及pH等)、施药方式、施药季节和施药剂量均会对棉隆的熏蒸效果产生显著影响,不正确的使用方式常会导致熏蒸效果不理想或产生药害问题。该文系统综述土壤熏蒸剂棉隆的使用概况(包括作用机制、适用作物、施用方式和施用效果等)、存在的问题及原因分析(包括施用深度、水分、温度对棉隆有效成分含量的影响及其熏蒸对土壤微生物群落结构的影响等)、解决对策(包括改善施药方式、优化土壤环境和活化熏蒸后土壤微生物等)以及未来发展趋势,以期为棉隆的高效应用提供借鉴。As a solid microgranule,dazomet is widely used to control soil-borne diseases and insect pests before crop planting because of its properties of simple and safe.However,soil environmental factors during application(including soil type,soil temperature and humidity,soil organic matter and p H,etc.),application method,and application season and application dose all have significant impacts on the efficacy of dazomet.Incorrect use methods often cause problems such as unsatisfactory fumigation effect or drug damage.In this paper,the general situation of the use of dazomet(including the mechanism of action,applicable crops,application methods,application effects,etc.),the existing problems and the causes(including the effects of application depth,water and temperature on the degradation of dazomet to the active components),as well as the solutions(including the improvement of application methods,optimization of soil environment,activation of fumigated soil microorganisms,etc.)and the future development prospects were summarized.This paper expect to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient application of dazomet.

关 键 词：棉隆 异硫氰酸甲酯 土传病害 土壤熏蒸 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S472[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]