辽宁省大豆根腐病病原菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性和对常用杀菌剂的敏感性  

Identification of the soybean root rot pathogen in Liaoning Province and its biological characteristics,sensitivity to common fungicides

作　　者：姜雪 黄启凤 杨新宇 Jiang Xue;Huang Qifeng;Yang Xinyu(College of Plant Protection,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,Liaoning Province,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2023年第1期240-248,共9页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31601586);沈阳农业大学博士启动基金(880416060)。

摘　　要：为明确辽宁省沈阳市大豆根腐病病原菌的分类地位,使用形态学特征和分子生物学技术对分离菌株进行鉴定,于室内对其最适生长温度、碳源及氮源进行测定,采用分生孢子悬浮液蘸根测定其对大豆品种合丰47的致病力,并采用菌丝生长速率法和分生孢子萌发率法测定16种常用杀菌剂对其的毒力。结果表明,从感根腐病大豆样品中共分离到31株镰孢菌菌株,基于培养性状从中选择3株疑似锐顶镰孢菌Fusarium acuminatum菌株进行鉴定和分析。这3株菌株在PDA培养基上形成的菌落呈白色绒毡状,产生黄色色素;大型分生孢子大小为3.3~7.2μm×29.0~62.0μm,小型分生孢子大小为2.5~5.7μm×9.1~16.8μm;结合翻译延伸因子(translation elongation factor,TEF)序列系统发育分析结果将3株菌株最终鉴定为锐顶镰孢菌F.acuminatum。该菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最适温度为25℃;最适生长碳源为葡萄糖和蔗糖,最适生长氮源为硝酸钠、硝酸钾和尿素;其对大豆合丰47的致病力较弱,发病植株的株高、根长和鲜重较空白对照显著降低了22.8%、12.2%和26.7%。在16种常用杀菌剂中,98%咯菌腈对锐顶镰孢菌的抑制效果最好,EC50为0.014μg/mL,99%腐霉利的抑制效果较差,EC50为11.630μg/mL。表明生产中可利用咯菌腈等效果较好的杀菌剂防治由锐顶镰孢菌引起的大豆根腐病。The taxonomic status of the soybean root rot pathogens in Shenyang,Liaoning Province was determined based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis.The biological characteristics of these strains,such as optimal temperature,carbon and nitrogen source for growth were determined and their pathogenicity was tested by inoculating the roots of Hefeng 47 soybean seedlings with conidia suspension.Meanwhile,their sensitivities to 16 commonly used fungicides were assessed with hyphae growth and conidia germination inhibition tests.The results showed that total 31 Fusarium strains isolated from root rotted soybean,three strains were selected for further study based on cultural characters.The colony of the three strains on PDA was white fluffy with yellow pigmentation on the bottom.The sizes of macroconidia and microconidia were 3.3-7.2μm×29.0-62.0μm and 2.5-5.7μm×9.1-16.8μm,respectively.Based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of translation elongation factor(TEF)sequences,the three strains were identified as Fusarium acuminatum.The optimal temperature for hyphae growth and conidia germination was 25℃,the optimal carbon source was glucose and sucrose,and optimal nitrogen source was potassium nitrate,sodium nitrate and urea.Inoculation of Hefeng 47 soybean cultivar with F.acuminatum significantly reduced seedling height,root length and fresh weight by 22.8%,12.2%and 26.7%,respectively.Among all the tested fungicides,98%fludioxonil was the most effective(EC50:0.014μg/mL)whereas 99%procymidone was less effective(EC50:11.630μg/mL).The results suggested that 98%fludioxonil and some other fungicides could be used for control of soybean root rot caused by F.acuminatum.

关 键 词：大豆根腐病 锐顶镰孢菌 翻译延伸因子 生物学特性 室内毒力 

分 类 号：S435.651[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]