我国煤矿重特大火灾事故统计分析  

Statistical analysis of major coal mine fire accidents in China

作　　者：李敏 林志军 王德明[2] 施式亮 鲁义 LI Min;LIN Zhijun;WANG Deming;SHI Shiliang;LU Yi(School of Resource,Environment and Safety Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan Hunan 411201,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南湘潭411201 [2]中国矿业大学煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2023年第1期115-121,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(52104191);湖南自然科学基金资助(2021JJ40204);中国矿业大学煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室开放研究基金资助(SKLCRSM22KF011)。

摘　　要：为研究我国煤矿重特大火灾事故一般性特征及致灾原因,用统计分析法,从时间、地域、地点、煤矿所有制、点火源、外部致灾原因等维度综合分析2000—2021年发生的360起重特大火灾事故。结果表明:第4季度是重特大火灾事故高发期;贵州、山西和黑龙江3省重特大火灾事故起数和死亡人数分别占全国的45.28%和47.11%;发生在硐室中的特大火灾事故概率最高,占硐室重特大事故的52.38%;2011—2021年发生在采煤工作面的重特大火灾事故有增多的趋势;乡镇煤矿重特大火灾事故起数及死亡人数在事故总起数和死亡总人数中的占比均超过了60%,但同比呈梯度下降趋势,且基本保持平稳;由违规明火、自热点火和摩擦撞击引发的重特大火灾事故占比逐渐上升,而由放电点火和爆破点火引发的重特大火灾事故占比逐渐下降;管理不善是导致重特大火灾事故的主要原因。To study the general characteristics and cause of major coal mine fire accidents in China,360 major accidents from 2000 to 2021 were comprehensively discussed using the statistical analysis method from the dimensions of time,region,location,coal mine ownership,ignition source and external causes.The results show that the fourth quarter is the peak period for major fire accidents.The number of major fire accidents and deaths in Guizhou,Shanxi and Heilongjiang Provinces account for 45.28%and 47.11%respectively.The probability of catastrophic fire accidents in the chamber is the highest,accounting for 52.38%of major accidents in the chamber.Major fire accidents in the coalface show an increasing trend from 2011 to 2021.The major coal mine fire accidents in township coal mines account for more than 60%of the total number of accidents and deaths,but show a gradient descent trend year-on-year and keep basically stable.The proportion of major accidents caused by illegal open flame,self-heating fire and friction impact gradually increases,while the proportion of major accidents caused by electric spark ignition and blasting ignition gradually decreases.Poor management is the main cause of major coal mine fire accidents.

关 键 词：煤矿 重特大事故 火灾事故 统计分析 点火源 

分 类 号：X928.1[环境科学与工程—安全科学]