耐热酚醛树脂基活性炭的制备及其超级电容器性能研究  

Research on Heat-resistant Phenolic Resin-based Activated Carbon for Supercapacitor Electrodes

作　　者：盛蕊[1,2] 唐婷婷 田敏 袁舒慧 张苏 范壮军 SHENG Rui;TANG Tingting;TIAN Min;YUAN Shuhui;ZHANG Su;FAN Zhuangjun(State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-based Energy Resources,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;College of Chemistry,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,Shangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学碳基能源资源化学与利用国家重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆大学化学学院,乌鲁木齐830046 [3]中国石油大学(华东)材料科学与工程学院,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第4期25-31,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52062046,51702275,51972342,51872056);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2020D01C019);山东省泰山学者人才计划项目(ts20190922);山东省自然科学基金重大基础研究(ZR2019ZD51)。

摘　　要：活性炭因其大比表面积和低成本的优势,被广泛应用于超级电容器电极材料中。然而在活性炭的制备过程中,前驱体往往需要进行预炭化/氧化等处理以增强其热稳定性,这将会提高制备成本和工艺复杂性,不利于实际应用需求。为解决这一问题,本工作利用具有高度交联结构的耐热酚醛树脂为前驱体,通过一步活化法制备具有超高比表面及优异导电性的活性炭电极材料。最佳碱炭质量比为3∶1时所制备的活性炭比表面积高达2656m2·g^(-1)。在6 mol·L^(-1)KOH电解液中测试了活性炭电极的电容储能性能,1 A·g^(-1)时其比容量高达305.5F·g^(-1),在50A·g^(-1)的超大电流密度下电容保持率有63.8%,远高于目前商业活性炭水平。另外,其在高质量负载量下仍具有优异的容量、倍率、循环性能,表现出巨大的应用潜质。Activated carbon is widely used for supercapacitor electrode material due to its large specific surface area and low cost.However,precursors often need to be pre-carbonized/oxidized to improve the stability in the preparation of activated carbon.Thus,the high preparation cost and process complexity inhibits the practical application.Herein,we proposed a one-step chemical activation method to prepare activated carbon with high specific surface area and conductivity using a highly cross-linked phenolic resin as the precursor.At the optimized KOH to carbon mass ratio of 3∶1,the specific surface area of the activated carbon was as high as 2656 m^(2)·g^(-1).When used as the electrode materials for supercapacitors,it showed a high capacitance of 305.5 F·g^(-1)at 1 A·g^(-1)and an outstanding rate performance of 63.8%capacitance retention at 50 A·g^(-1)in 6 mol·L^(-1)KOH electrolyte,which were much higher than the commercial activated carbon.In addition,it still remains good capacitance,rate performance and cycle stability at high electrode mass loadings,showing great potential for practical application.

关 键 词：酚醛树脂 活性炭 高比表面积 高负载 超级电容器 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学]