热致变色过渡金属配合物的变色机理及应用  

Color-changing Mechanisms and Applications of Thermochromic Transition Metal Complexes:a Review

作　　者：李良[1] 赵修贤[1] 王彬彬 杨帅军 聂永[1] 蒋绪川 LI Liang;ZHAO Xiuxian;WANG Binbin;YANG Shuaijun;NIE Yong;JIANG Xuchuan(Institute for Smart Materials&Engineering,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学智能材料与工程研究院,济南250022

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第4期179-189,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(21805045);济南大学科技计划项目(XKY2067)。

摘　　要：社会的智能化是未来发展的必然趋势。智能材料作为智能化变革的基础,成为了近几年研究的热点。热致变色材料是一种智能变色材料,可以随着外界温度的改变发生颜色变化,被广泛应用于智能窗、温度传感、防伪、智能纺织、变色涂料等领域。热致变色材料的种类繁多,其中过渡金属配合物热致变色材料通常变色温度较低、变色现象明显并且拥有较独特的电子传递特性,具有良好的应用前景,受到了研究者的广泛关注。在热致变色过渡金属配合物发展初期,科学家们主要研究的是配合物的结构和变色机理,关于配合物应用方面的研究很少,这主要是由于热致变色过渡金属配合物自身具有缺陷(如摩尔吸光系数低、变色需要溶剂等)。在最近十几年,科学家们通过各种方法手段增加热致变色过渡金属配合物的实用性,例如使用离子液、新型配体以及与其他功能材料复合等手段,使热致变色过渡金属配合物在各个领域的应用都取得了很大进展,但相关综述还较少。只有掌握热致变色材料的变色机理,才能更好地设计符合不同应用场景的热致变色材料,本文首先对热致变色过渡金属配合物的变色机理进行介绍,常见变色机理包括构型变化、配体改变、自旋交叉,然后归纳总结了最近几年热致变色过渡金属配合物在温度传感器、智能窗等领域中应用的研究进展,最后对其相关领域未来的研究方向进行了展望。The development of smart technology is a ubiquitous trend in modern society.As they are the basis of this smart technology revolution,smart materials are the focus of much recent research.Thermochromic materials are smart materials that change their color in response to a change in external temperature.They are used in diverse applications such as smart windows,temperature sensing,anti-counterfeiting,smart textiles and color-changing paints,among many others.Several types of thermochromic materials exist.Thermochromic transition metal comp-lexes have several properties that make them attractive for application development.These include lower color-changing temperatures,distinct color changes and unique electron transfer characteristics.The early work on thermochromic transition metal complexes focused on determining their structures and the thermochromic mechanisms.Application development was limited because of intrinsic shortcomings,such as low molar extinction coefficients and the need for solvents.In the last decade,the number of applications of thermochromic transition metal complexes has increased substantially.This is a result of advances in the use of ionic liquids,new ligands,and the integration of transition metal complexes into composites with other functional materials.Despite this progress,reviews of this area are rare.To properly design smart thermochromic materials for specific applications,a deep understanding of the color-changing mechanism is needed.This article first describes the color-changing mechanisms of thermochromic transition metal complexes,primarily geometry changes,ligand changes and spin crossover.The article next summarizes recent progress on the applications of these complexes in temperature sensing,smart windows and other fields,and then concludes with comments on the direction of future research.

关 键 词：智能材料 热致变色 过渡金属配合物 温度传感器 

分 类 号：O614[理学—无机化学] TB381[理学—化学]