金属基纳米材料在过硫酸盐高级氧化工艺中的应用进展  

Application Progress of Metal Nanomaterials in Persulfate-based Advanced Oxidation Process

作　　者：祖丽呼玛尔·木沙江 赵静[1] 肖鹏飞[1] MUSAJAN Zulhumar;ZHAO Jing;XIAO Pengfei(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第4期190-197,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2019D002)。

摘　　要：随着过硫酸盐高级氧化技术的迅速兴起,开发高效活化过硫酸盐的催化剂引起了国内外学者的高度关注。在过硫酸盐的非均相催化剂中,金属基纳米材料由于自身粒径小、比表面积大、比表面活化能高、磁学性能好等结构与性质特点而呈现出良好的催化特性、化学稳定性、重复利用性等优势,被认为是过硫酸盐活化剂的最佳选择之一,在环境污染控制领域彰显出巨大的应用前景。但是,单一金属纳米材料在反应过程中易发生颗粒团聚、自身氧化、金属离子释放等问题,一定程度上限制了金属纳米催化剂的广泛应用。针对以上问题,研究人员使用复合材料替代单一材料作为过硫酸盐的活化剂以净化环境污染物。例如在催化剂制备过程中,将金属纳米颗粒负载在各类载体材料上,在催化净化过程中不仅能达到协同处理的效果,还能减少金属离子的流失,同时提高催化剂的重复使用性能。此外,制备出结构独特的多种金属基纳米复合材料作为非均相催化剂,多种金属之间的协同效应进一步提升了催化剂的活化性能,使其对污染物的去除效果更强。近年来,国内外研究者在金属基纳米材料的制备与结构特性、活化过硫酸盐过程中自由基与非自由基的产生机制、净化污染物的效果与机理方面不断探索,积累了大量具有重要价值的研究成果。本文对以纳米零价金属、纳米金属氧化物负载型金属基纳米颗粒及纳米铁酸盐等作为催化剂活化过硫酸盐的理论和应用研究进行了全面地综述,围绕不同金属基纳米材料的制备方法与结构特点、活化过硫酸盐生成活性物种的反应机理等方面展开系统阐述,最后指出了该类材料在活化过硫酸盐的过程中存在催化稳定性不高、产生环境风险等亟待解决的问题,并对今后的研究方向进行展望,旨在为金属基纳米催化剂在过硫酸盐高级氧化With the rapid development of persulfate advanced oxidation methods,the improvement of catalysts for the efficient activation of persulfate has attracted considerable attention from researchers worldwide.Among the heterogeneous catalysts for persulfate,metal-based nanomaterials are characterized by good catalytic properties,chemical stability,and reusability,owing to their small particle size,large specific surface area,high specific surface activation energy,and excellent magnetic properties.Therefore,metal-based nanomaterials are considered to be the most suitable materials as persulfate activators and have considerable potential for application in the field of environmental pollution control.However,single metal nanoparticles are prone to particle agglomeration,self-oxidation,and metal ion release during the reaction process,thereby partly limiting the extensive application of metal nanocatalysts.To address this problem,researchers have used composite materials as alternatives to single materials as persulfate activators to treat environmental pollutants.For example,metal nanoparticles have been loaded onto different carrier materials during catalyst preparation,which facilitates synergistic treatment effects,reduces the loss of metal ions,and enhances the reusability of catalysts.In addition,polymetallic nanocomposites with unique structures have been prepared as heterogeneous catalysts,and the synergistic effects of multiple metals have been demonstrated to further enhance the activation performance of catalysts,thereby improving the efficiency of pollutant removal.Numerous studies have recently examined the preparation and structural properties of metal-based nanoparticles,mechanisms underlying the generation of free radical and non-free radical species in activation process of persulfate,and the removal effects and mechanisms of pollutant by metal-based nanocomposites activated persulfate,thereby contributing to valuable research data.In this paper,we present a comprehensive review of the theoretical and a

关 键 词：金属纳米颗粒 活化过硫酸盐 高级氧化工艺 非均相催化 自由基 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程]