微纳米材料改性地质聚合物的研究进展  

Alkali-activated Materials Modified with Micro-Nano Additives:a Review

作　　者：魏铭 张长森 王旭 诸华军 焦宝祥 孙楠 WEI Ming;ZHANG Changsen;WANG Xu;ZHU Huajun;JIAO Baoxiang;SUN Nan(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Yancheng Institute of Technology,Yancheng 224501,Jiangsu,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]盐城工学院材料科学与工程学院,江苏盐城224501 [2]安徽理工大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第4期250-259,共10页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51672236,51572234,51502259)。

摘　　要：地质聚合物作为新兴的绿色环保、低能耗胶凝材料,具有早期强度高、耐酸碱等优异性能,但脆性大、韧性差等缺陷影响其推广应用;在地质聚合物中掺入微纳米材料可以有效地改善地质聚合物的性能,提高其韧性。微纳米材料在地质聚合物中均匀分散是保证改性后地质聚合物具有优良性能的关键,为此,可在掺入过程中采用外力的方法进行分散,也可对微纳米材料进行表面改性来提高其分散性能,且表面改性后的微纳米材料能够更好地与地质聚合物基体结合。本文综述了纳米颗粒(如纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛)、碳纳米管、石墨烯、微米颗粒(如粉煤灰微球、硅灰)、微米纤维(如碳化硅晶须)等微纳米材料对地质聚合物的改性研究成果,总结了常见微纳米材料改性地质聚合物的分散方法及作用机理。其分散方法包括机械搅拌、超声分散和分散剂表面修饰。微纳米材料对地质聚合物的作用机理主要有填充作用、成核作用和桥接作用。微纳米材料能够填充地质聚合物的孔隙和裂缝,改善地质聚合物的孔结构;微纳米材料能够作为成核位点加速地质聚合物的缩聚过程,改善地质聚合物的微观结构与宏观性能;纤维状的微纳米材料具有桥接作用,可阻止裂缝的生成及扩展。此外,对于表面有基团(如羟基、羧基等)的微纳米材料,其基团可参与地质聚合物的聚合反应形成化学键合,改善微纳米材料与地质聚合物之间的粘结性。微纳米材料的比表面积较大,极易发生再团聚现象,不易存储,采用微纳米材料改性地质聚合物的制备工艺存在改善和优化的空间,因此,微纳米材料在地质聚合物应用过程中的分散程度始终是重点研究问题。本文最后对微纳米颗粒改性地质聚合物后续研究进行了展望。As a new type of green-environmental and low-energy consumption cementitious material,geopolymers have excellent properties such as high early-age strength,and high resistance to acid and alkali,but the defects of high brittleness and poor toughness restricts their further application.Incorporating appropriate amount of micro-nano additives in the geopolymers can effectively improve the mechanical properties and toughness.The uniform dispersion of micro-nano additives is the key factor ensuring the excellent performance of geopolymers.For this reason,we must modify the surface of micro-nano particles or use external force to disperse them during the blending process.After the surface modification,micro-nano additives can be combined into the geopolymer matrix perfectly.This paper summarized the current research results on the geopolymers-modified with micro-nano additives such as nanoparticles(nano silica,nano titanium dioxide),carbon nanotubes,graphene,micron particles(fly ash microsphere,silica fume)and micron fibers(silicon carbide whiskers).The common dispersion methods and mechanisms were investigated,including mechanical stirring,ultrasonic dispersion and dispersant surface modification.The modification mechanisms of micro-nano additives in geopolymers can be mainly concluded as filling,nucleation,and bonding bridging effects.The dispersed micro-nano particles can fill into the pores and cracks to effectively compact the pore structure.The micro-nano particles can also be used as nucleation sites to accelerate the polycondensation process and improve the microstructure and macroscopic properties of geopolymer.Fibrous micro-nano materials have a bridging effect to prevent the formation and expansion of cracks.In addition,for micro-nano materials with surface groups(such as hydroxyl groups,carboxyl groups,etc.),their groups can participate in the polymerization reaction of geological polymers to form chemical bonds,and improve the adhesion between micro-nano particles and geopolymers.The micro-nano additives

关 键 词：地质聚合物 纳米材料 微米材料 改性工艺 改性效果 

分 类 号：TQ172[化学工程—水泥工业]