基于多目标优化的夏热冬冷地区固定式遮阳设计研究——以江西工艺美院综合楼为例  

Design of Fixed Window Shading in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone Based on Multi-Objective Optimization: Taking Jiangxi Art & Ceramics Technology Institute Comprehensive Building as an Example

作　　者：王扬[1,2] 刘环宇 许可 WANG Yang;LIU Huanyu;XU Ke(School of Architecture,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学建筑学院,广州510640 [2]华南理工大学建筑设计研究院有限公司,广州510640

出　　处：《建筑节能（中英文）》2023年第1期3-9,共7页Building Energy Efficiency

摘　　要：合适的固定式外遮阳能够控制太阳辐射进入室内,是一种有效的建筑节能措施。研究选取坐落在景德镇的江西工艺美院综合楼南立面,试图寻找对过热季节和过冷季节目标都有较好回应的遮阳构件形式,并形成一套适用于夏热冬冷地区的固定式遮阳构件多目标设计方法。研究以Grasshopper平台为基础,通过对景德镇地区气候进行分析,完成遮阳构件的选型以及过热季节和过冷季节时段的确定。基于此,进行了自变量和目标设计,构建了简化的参数化模型。通过Ladybug平台完成日照计算,通过Octopus平台完成基于遗传算法理论的多目标优化,得出两种遮阳类型的帕累托最优解集。并进一步筛选出以12片间距0.12 m、长0.16 m,向下倾斜25°的单片百叶构成的水平平面百叶式遮阳构件这一最优解。经验证,此遮阳构件的设置使房间内过热季节太阳辐射平均值下降了56%,过冷季节太阳辐射平均值下降了30%,较好地回应了多目标需求,形成了夏季有效遮阳、冬季少影响得热的效果。由于夏热冬冷地区具有较为相似的气候特征,该地区建筑对于遮阳构件设计的目标较为一致,故这一基于多目标优化的固定式遮阳构件设计方法可以在夏热冬冷地区建筑上广泛应用。Appropriate fixed window shading can control solar radiation into the room. The study selects the south facade of Jiangxi Art & Ceramics Technology Institute Comprehensive Building, the form of sunshade components which can respond well to the goals of overheating season and overcooling season. The goal is finding the form of sunshade components which can respond to the goals of overheating season and overcooling season, and forming a multi-objective optimization design method of fixed sunshade components suitable for hot summer and cold winter areas. The research is based on Grasshopper. The selection of sunshade components and the periods of overheating season and overcooling season can be determined by analyzing the climate of Jingdezhen. Based on this, independent variables and goals are designed, and a simplified parametric model is constructed. The sunshine calculation is completed by Ladybug, and the multi-objective optimization based on genetic algorithm theory is realized by Octopus. Finally, the Pareto optimal solution sets of two types of sunshade are obtained. Furthermore, the optimal solution of the horizontal plane louver sunshade component composed of 12 blinds with a distance of 0.12 m, a length of 0.16 m and a downward inclination of 25° is selected. It has been proved that this sunshade component reduces the average solar radiation in the overheated season by 56% and in the cold season by 30%. This is a good response to the multi-objective demand, effective shading in summer and less heat in winter. Due to the similar climate characteristics in hot summer and cold winter areas, the design goals of sunshade components in this area are more consistent. Therefore, this fixed shading component design method based on multi-objective optimization can be widely used in hot summer and cold winter areas.

关 键 词：多目标优化 遗传算法 固定式遮阳 夏热冬冷地区 

分 类 号：TU2[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]