夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑生活热水系统不同热源能效、(火用)及碳排放分析  

Analysis of Energy Efficiency, Exergy and Carbon Emission of Different Heat Sources for Domestic Hot Water System in Residential Buildings in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Region

作　　者：范时光 徐新华[1] 陈焰华 FAN Shiguang;XU Xinhua;CHEN Yanhua(Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;CITIC General Institute of Architectural Design and Research Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430014,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学建筑环境与能源应用工程系,武汉430074 [2]中信建筑设计研究总院有限公司,武汉430014

出　　处：《建筑节能（中英文）》2023年第1期34-39,共6页Building Energy Efficiency

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51678263)。

摘　　要：国家“双碳”战略目标对建筑运行能耗和碳排放提出了更高的要求,住宅建筑的生活热水系统的能源消耗和碳排放不可小视。夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑的生活热水系统的常规热源以燃气、电为主,随着技术发展,空气源热泵热水系统也逐渐进入到应用阶段。不同热源会对生活热水系统的运行产生影响,因此需要对不同热源的生活热水系统的能效、火用及碳排放进行定量分析。基于统一的生活热水用量标准,对夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑常用的燃气热水器、电热水器以及空气源热泵热水器进行能效分析与火用分析并计算其碳排放情况。结果表明,空气源热泵的能效率和火用效率均明显高于燃气热水器及电热水器,电热水器的火用效率则略高于燃气热水器。以三口之家生活热水为例,空气源热泵、电热水器和燃气热水器的年碳排放量分别为343 kg、1087 kg及395 kg。空气源热泵热水器较燃气热水器与电热水器在能源利用和碳排放两个方面,都存在明显的优势。National “Dual-Carbon Goals” strategy(realizing carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060) has more strict requirement on the energy consumption and carbon emission of buildings. The energy consumption and carbon emission of domestic hot water system in residential buildings can not be ignored. The conventional heat sources of domestic hot water system are mainly gas and electricity in hot summer and cold winter region. With the development of technology, air source heat pump hot water system has gradually entered into the application stage. Different heat sources will affect the operation of domestic hot water systems, so quantitative analysis on energy efficiency, exergy and carbon emission of domestic hot water systems with different heat sources is needed. Based on the domestic hot water consumption standard, the energy efficiency analysis and exergy analysis were carried out for gas water heaters, electric water heaters and air source heat pump water heaters that are commonly used in residential buildings in the hot summer and cold winter region. Meanwhile, the carbon emissions were also calculated. The energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of the air source heat pump is significantly higher than that of the gas water heater and the electric water heater. The energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of the electric water heater is slightly higher than that of the gas water heater. Taking the domestic hot water demand of a three-person family as example, the annual carbon emission from the air source heat pump water heater, electric water heater, and the gas water heater are 343 kg, 1087 kg, and 395 kg, respectively. In terms of energy utilization and carbon emission, air source heat pump water heaters have obvious advantages over gas water heaters and electric water heaters.

关 键 词：生活热水系统 住宅建筑 能效分析 火用分析 碳排放分析 

分 类 号：TU82[建筑科学]