基于本体的建筑遗产保护知识组织方法  

Ontology-based Method for Knowledge Organization Relating to Architectural Heritage Conservation

作　　者：沈孙乐 马昭仪 何捷 Shen Sunle;Ma Zhaoyi;He Jie(School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072;Nanyang Technological University,Singapore 639798,Singapore;School of Architecture,Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen),Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [2]南洋理工大学人文学院,新加坡639798 [3]哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)建筑学院,深圳518055

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2023年第1期73-80,共8页China Cultural Heritage

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发计划“明清官式建筑营造技艺科学认知与本体保护关键技术研究与示范”(2020YFC1522400)中课题五子课题(1)“明清官式建筑营造技艺数据知识图谱构建”。

摘　　要：建筑遗产保护和管理过程中诸多的复杂遗产信息涉及许多不同的学科领域,有着多样化的来源与组织形式。但是面对全面记录归档这些建筑遗产数据的需求,当前常用的建筑遗产信息管理方式却容易使这些多源异构数据变得分散且孤立。源于人工智能领域的本体技术可以提供良好的知识组织和表示能力,近来逐渐被用于建筑遗产保护领域的知识建模。本体在建构时整理领域内的知识,总结抽象出领域内公认的概念与约束,提供对该领域知识的共同理解。本文从建筑遗产数据的存储管理、标准化共享与知识挖掘三个面向出发,梳理并讨论了现有的建筑遗产本体研究中本体的应用模式:针对存储管理,通过本体的关联能力为多源异构数据提供互操作性;针对信息共享,通过本体给出通用概念与关系的明确定义,以实现共享;针对知识挖掘,基于本体提供规则表达与知识推理的能力,实现建筑遗产知识复用。在讨论了建筑遗产保护领域本体技术的应用模式与不足后,本文提出了建立通用建筑遗产保护本体的要求,同时进一步展望了本体技术在资源重组和价值阐释上为建筑遗产保护带来的智能化新途径。During the conservation and management of architectural heritage, various heritage information of great complexity involves various disciplines, comes from different sources, and is organized in different formats. However, when facing the demand to comprehensively record and document information about architectural heritage, current methods which are commonly used for managing the information about architectural heritage are likely to make multi-source heterogeneous data scattered and isolated from each other, resulting in that researchers can hardly access and use information in previous records efficiently.Ontology based on artificial intelligence may provide great capacity for organizing and presenting knowledge. It has been applied to the field of architectural heritage conservation for establishing knowledge models. During the development of the models,knowledge in relevant fields was reviewed, and concepts and constraints for relevant fields were summarized and extracted to provide a common understanding of the knowledge in the fields. Focusing on three aspects of architectural heritage data, namely, data storage and management, standardized information sharing, and knowledge mining, the authors reviewed and discussed ontology-based models applied to studies of architectural heritage as follows. As to storage and management, interoperability is provided for multi-source heterogeneous data through the correlating capacity of ontology. As to information sharing, clear definitions are provided for universal concepts and relationships through ontology so that information sharing can be achieved. As to knowledge mining, the capacity to present knowledge and reason is provided based on ontology so that the reuse of knowledge about architectural heritage can be realized. After discussions about the application of ontology-based models in the field of architectural heritage conservation and the shortfalls of the models, the authors proposed the requirements for establishing universal ontology for architectural heri

关 键 词：本体 建筑遗产 知识组织 知识图谱 信息管理 

分 类 号：TU-87[艺术—艺术设计]