故宫景福宫区位格局与乾隆造园思想探析  

Analysis of the Location Pattern of Jingfu Palace in the Forbidden City and the Gardening Idea of the Qianlong Emperor

作　　者：侯晓萱 张纪平 丁燕 Hou Xiaoxuan;Zhang Jiping;Ding Yan(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;China Academy of Cultural Heritage,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院,北京100044 [2]中国文化遗产研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2023年第1期119-126,共8页China Cultural Heritage

摘　　要：故宫宁寿宫后寝东路的景福宫,仿建自建福宫区域的静怡轩,在营造过程中进行了适宜性的调整变化。景福宫与静怡轩分别建于乾隆中期和早期,伴随和见证了乾隆园林思想的提升和转变。本文通过景福宫与静怡轩的对比分析,得出景福宫现今的区位格局,是功能需求的改变与原有地形的限制下相互碰撞的产物,是江南园林与皇家园林结合的又一次典范尝试,反映了乾隆作为“能主之人”在造园过程中发挥的主导作用以及承载的个人意志与情感寄托。Jingfu Palace is a garden-style palace courtyard located on the East Road of the rear residence of Ningshou Palace in the Forbidden City. It was first built in the 28th year of the Kangxi reign(1689) as part of the Ningshou Palace complex. In the 37th year of his reign, the Qianlong Emperor had Ningshou Palace rebuilt according to the garden of Jianfu Palace, and Jingfu Palace imitated Jingyi Xuan(bower). Jingfu Palace reflected the cognitive improvement and transformation of the Qianlong Emperor’s gardening idea from the early to the middle stage, and carried the gardening sentiment and personal will of the emperor.Through a literature review, field survey, and comparative study, this paper comparatively analyzes the location pattern of Jingfu Palace and Jingyi Xuan. First, from the “split” of the Jingyi Xuan area and the “reorganization” of the Jingfu Palace area, it argues that due to different functional needs and terrain constraints, Jingfu Palace and Fuwang Ge(belvedere) are respectively located on the East Road and the West Road instead of becoming an integral whole like the Jianfu Palace area. Moreover, it can be seen from the layout, function, and other aspects that there is close connection among the East, Central, and West roads. On this basis, this paper puts forward that Jingqi Ge, Fori Lou(hall), Jingfu Palace, and Fanhua Lou should be considered as part of the garden of Ningshou Palace. Second, it discusses the eastward shift of the axis for the Jingfu Palace complex on the East Road. This paper demonstrates the reason why the axis could not run from north to south from the aspects of the Jingfu Palace scale and the building layout on the East Road. Meanwhile, it analyzes the approach to weaken people’s feeling to the offset axis in the space by adjusting the route in Jingfu Palace. Third, this paper analyzes three spots of layout optimization in Jingfu Palace compared with Jingyi Xuan, namely, the location change of the courtyard gate, the southward shift of the main hall,and the layou

关 键 词：故宫 景福宫 静怡轩 造园思想 区位格局 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]