地表覆盖方式对广西柑橘果园土壤水分特征的影响  

Effects of mulching pattern on soil moisture characteristics in Guangxi citrus orchard

作　　者：邓婉珍 黄太庆[1] 甘磊[2] 黄雁飞[1] 路丹[3] DENG Wan-zhen;HUANG Tai-qing;GAN Lei;HUANG Yan-fei;LU Dan(Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;Guilin University of Technology/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]桂林理工大学/广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [3]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2022年第11期3049-3057,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB1850024)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同覆盖方式对广西柑橘果园土壤性质及土壤水分变化的影响,为该区域果园杂草管理及水分管理提供参考依据。【方法】以广西柑橘果园为研究对象,设喷施除草剂对照(CK)、防草布覆盖(GPC)和自然生草割刈(NGM)3种果园地表覆盖处理,并于处理一年后测定0~10 cm、10~30 cm、30~50 cm和50~70 cm土层的土壤基本理化性质和果园土壤水分变化特征。【结果】不同地表覆盖处理对柑橘果园表层0~10 cm土壤的容重、总孔隙度和有机质含量有明显影响,对深层土壤影响较小。NGM处理使0~10 cm土层土壤容重显著降低7.52%(P<0.05,下同),土壤有机质含量提高7.99%;GPC处理使0~10 cm土层土壤容重降低3.01%,土壤有机质含量降低14.15%。相同土壤水吸力下,0~10 cm和10~30 cm土层土壤含水量表现为GPC>CK>NGM;30~50 cm土层表现为CK≈GPC>NGM;50~70cm土层表现为CK>NGM>GPC。在0~10 cm土层中,NGM处理的速效水含量(0.079 cm^(3)/cm^(3))最高;在30~50 cm和50~70 cm土层,GPC处理的速效水含量最高,分别较CK提高11.00%和18.12%。GPC和NGM处理均可提高各土层的土壤含水量,其中GPC处理0~10 cm和10~30 cm土层含水量增幅更大,而NGM处理30~50 cm和50~70 cm土层含水量增幅更明显。GPC和NGM处理均可显著提高0~70 cm各土层土壤贮水量,其中GPC处理提高2.83%~4.26%,NGM处理提高4.02%~4.55%。【结论】自然生草割刈处理在改善柑橘园表层土壤环境、增强土壤蓄水保墒和供水能力方面具有较好的效果,而防草布覆盖处理在保水方面也有较大优势。在生产中建议采用自然生草割刈的管理方式。【Objective】To explore effects of mulching pattern on soil property and soil moisture in Guangxi citrus orchard,and to provide a theoretical basis for orchard weed and moisture management in this orchard.【Method】Taking a citrus orchard in Guangxi as research object,3 treatments,spraying herbicide(CK),grass-proof cloth coverage(GPC)and natural grass mowing(NGM)were set. After one year of treatment,basic soil physicochemical properties and soil moisture characteristics of the orchard at layers of 0-10 cm,10-30 cm,30-50 cm and 50-70 cm were measured.【Result】Different mulching treatments had significant effects on bulk density,total porosity and organic matter content of the surface soil(0-10 cm),but no significant effects on the deep soil layers. In 0-10 cm soil layer,NGM treatment significantly(P<0.05,the same below)reduced soil bulk density by 7.52% and increased soil organic matter by 7.99%;GPC treatment reduced soil bulk density by 3.01% and soil organic matter by 14.15%. Under the same soil suction,the soil moisture content in 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm soil layers was in the order of GPC>CK>NGM;in 30-50 cm soil layer was CK≈GPC>NGM;and in 50-70 cm soil layer was CK>NGM>GPC. In 0-10 cm soil layer,the highest available water content(0.079 cm^(3)/cm^(3))was found in NGM treatment;in 30-50 cm and 50-70 cm soil layers,the highest available water content was found in the GPC treatment,which was 11.00% and 18.12% higher than that in CK,respectively. Both GPC and NGM treatments could increase soil moisture content in each layer,and the soil moisture content in 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm layers under GPC treatment had a higher increase,while the soil moisture content in 30-50 cm and 50-70 cm layers under NGM treatment had a greater increase. GPC and NGM treatments could significantly increase soil moisture storage capacity in 0-70 cm layer,in which GPC treatment brought an increase of 2.83%-4.26%,and NGM treatment 4.02%-4.55%.【Conclusion】Natural grass mowing treatment has a good effect on surface soil environment

关 键 词：柑橘果园 防草布覆盖 自然生草割刈 土壤水分特征曲线 土壤含水量 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]