从言语行为的实施看老年指向语话语特征  

A Study on Verbal Features of Elderspeak in Chinese from the Perspective of Speech Act

作　　者：单家慧 景晓平[1] SHAN Jiahui;JING Xiaoping(School of Foreign Languages,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学外国语学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《湖州师范学院学报》2023年第1期98-105,共8页Journal of Huzhou University

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目“新媒体语境下中国老人媒体身份建构的伦理语用学研究”(19YJA740024)。

摘　　要：以工作场景下与认知障碍老人的互动话语为语料,从言语行为的视角出发,考察汉语中老年指向语的话语特征。研究发现,老年指向语主要出现在指令类言语行为中,其次是表达类言语行为,较少出现在承诺类和描述类言语行为中。其话语特征主要表现为称呼语,如示近称呼语和表敬称呼语,其次为附加问句、重复语和调节指令语。在中国文化背景下,老年指向语语言形式多样,交际中使用老年指向语可鼓励认知障碍老人主动加入会话,有助于实现与认知障碍老人的有效沟通,从而发挥代际交流在慰藉认知障碍老年人精神生活中的积极作用。This study investigates verbal features of elderspeak in communication with the elderly with cognitive impairment in workplace from the perspective of speech act.The results find that elderspeak in Chinese context occurs most in directive speech act,then in expressive speech act,less often in commissive speech act and description speech act.The verbal features of elderspeak consist of address,including intimacy-oriented address and respect-oriented address,tag question,repetition,and attuned directives.The study implicates that the use of various language forms of elderspeak in Chinese workplace encourages CI elderly to interact with others actively,which is helpful to achieve an effective communication with them,and exerts the positive role of inter-generational communication on comforting the CI elder people’s spiritual life.

关 键 词：老年指向语 言语行为 认知障碍老年人 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语] C913.6[经济管理]