基于自我决定理论的运动员心理疲劳预测模型构建  

Construction of Athlete Mental Fatigue Prediction Model Based on Self-Determination Theory

作　　者：刘月 韩波[1] 阿英嘎[1] LIU Yue;HAN Bo;A Ying ga(School of PE and Sport Science,Nanjing Normal University School of PE,Nanjing 210046,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学体育科学学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2023年第1期112-118,共7页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目(项目编号:2022SJYB0505);江苏省社会科学基金项目(项目编号:20TYD006)。

摘　　要：基于自我决定理论(SDT)构建结构方程模型(SEM),探究教练员自主支持、基本心理需要与自主性动机影响运动员心理疲劳的路径机制。结合本土化研究取向,采用问卷调查法对344名现役少体校排球运动员进行整群抽样调查,利用AMOS19.0对SEM进行验证。研究结果:(1)教练员自主支持、基本心理需要与自主性动机均可显著预测运动员心理疲劳(P<0.001);(2)基本心理需要、自主性动机在教练员自主支持与运动员心理疲劳间起显著中介作用,具体由3条路径产生的间接效应组成,即教练员自主支持→基本心理需要→运动员心理疲劳(β=-0.26,P<0.001)、教练员自主支持→自主性动机→运动员心理疲劳(β=-0.04,P<0.001)、教练员自主支持→基本心理需要→自主性动机→运动员心理疲劳(β=-0.09,P<0.001);(3)基本心理需要、自主性动机在教练员自主支持与运动员心理疲劳间起部分中介作用,基本心理需要→自主性动机的链式中介起完全中介作用。结论:通过SEM拟合度验证,有效支持自我决定理论预测模型可以有效解释中国运动员心理疲劳程度。教练员自主支持、基本心理需要的满足和自主性动机的树立,是防治与缓解运动员心理疲劳必不可少的因素。Based on the self-determination theory(SDT),a structural equation model(SEM)was constructed to explore the path mechanism of coaches’autonomic support,basic psychological needs and autonomic motivation affecting athletes’mental fatigue.Combined with the localization research orientation,the questionnaire survey method was used to conduct a cluster sampling survey of 344 present young volleyball players from sport schools,and AMOS19.0 was used to verify the SEM.Coaches’autonomous support,basic psychological needs and autonomous motivation can significantly predict the mental fatigue of athletes(P<0.001);Basic psychological needs and autonomous motivation are related to coaches’autonomous support and athletes’mental fatigue It plays a significant intermediary role,which is specifically composed of indirect effects produced by three paths:coach independent support→basic psychological needs→athlete mental fatigue(β=-0.26,P<0.001),coach independent support→autonomous motivation→Athlete mental fatigue(β=-0.04,P<0.001),coach autonomy support→Basic psychological needs→Autonomous motivation→Athlete mental fatigue(β=-0.09,P<0.001);Basic psychological needs,autonomy motivation plays a partially mediating role between the coach’s autonomous support and the athlete’s mental fatigue.The basic psychological needs→the chain mediation of autonomous motivation plays a full mediating role.The verification of SEM fit degree effectively supports the prediction model of self-determination theory and can effectively explain the mental fatigue of Chinese athletes.The coach’s independent support,the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and the establishment of autonomous motivation are indispensable factors for preventing and alleviating the mental fatigue of athletes.

关 键 词：自我决定理论 教练员自主支持 基本心理需要 自主性动机 运动员心理疲劳 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]