砂石器与平首石圭——兼论商周之际石质丧葬礼器的变革  

Sandstone Items and ’Pingshou Shi Gui’——On The Shang-Zhou Ritual Transformation of Stone Burial Utensils

作　　者：王文轩[1,2] 张闻捷 Wang Wenxuan;Zhang Wenjie

机构地区：[1]西藏民族大学民族研究院 [2]厦门大学历史与文化遗产学院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2023年第1期103-118,154,共17页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金“冷门绝学”项目“周代乐钟制度研究”(项目编号:19VJX068);教育部人文社科青年项目“泗水流域商周青铜器研究”(项目编号:21YJC780002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：晚商和西周墓葬中出土的窄长条形或梯形砂石器是专门用于丧葬的石质礼器,应定名为平首石圭。平首石圭仅见于晚商和西周时期受商文化影响较重族群的墓葬,是商式礼制的重要组成部分。平首石圭与石璋有一定的对应关系,平首石圭多出现于女性墓,而石璋多见于男性墓,同一墓地两类器物的墓葬分群分布,可能与不同家族对石质礼器的选择有关。平首石圭同其他商文化因素器物共同消失于西周中晚期,或为西周时期礼制变革的结果。There is a type of sandstone tablet,elongate-shaped or ladder-shaped,excavated in the tombs of the late Shang and Western-Zhou dynasties,which is here named’Pingshou Shi Gui’(Píng Shǒu ShíGuī’,’平首石圭’,a flat-headed tablet of stone)as a burial object.The’Pingshou Shi Gui’unearthed only in the tombs of the tribes under much impacts of the Shang Culture plays a part in the burial rites of the Shang dynasty.’Pingshou Shi Gui’is of functional equivalence to’Shi Zhang’(石璋,an ancient long plate-shaped stone ware as a ritual instrument),the former is mostly found in women’s tombs while the latter in men’s.’Pingshou Shi Gui’and’Shi Zhang’buried at the same cemetery vary in distribution and number,concentrated or separate,probably represents the clans’preference to either of them.’Pingshou Shi Gui’is fading away with other Shang-cultured burial utensils by the middle-late Western-Zhou dynasty as the result of the ritual transformation.

关 键 词：砂石器 平首石圭 石璋 礼制变革 

分 类 号：K876.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K22[历史地理—历史学]