广西独山洞遗址新发现赭石分析研究  

Scientific and technological analysis of newly discovered ochre from Dushan cave site in Guangxi

作　　者：李大伟 张尚欣[2] 王伟[3] 王朝文 殷科[4] 廖卫 任晓磊 LI Daweil;ZHANG Shangxin;WANG Wei;WANG Chaowent;YIN Ke;LIAO Wei;REN Xiaolei(Guangxi Minzu University,Nanning 530006,Guangxi;Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Polychrome Pottery Conservation,Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum,Xi'an 710600,Shaanxi;Institute of Cultura Heritage,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,Shandong;China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430007,Hubei)

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学,广西南宁530006 [2]秦始皇帝陵博物院,陶质彩绘文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地,陕西西安710600 [3]山东大学文化遗产研究院,山东青岛266237 [4]中国地质大学(武汉),湖北武汉430007

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2023年第1期280-287,共8页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：广西自然科学基金面上项目(批准号:2021GXNSFAA196010);广西民族大学相思湖青年学者创新团队项目(批准号:2020RSCXSHQN07);广西高等学校千名中青年骨干教师培养计划项目(批准号:2022QGRW023)共同资助。

摘　　要：为更好了解中国区域更新世晚期现代人行为,本研究对广西独山洞遗址更新世晚期新发现的赭石样品进行报道,并结合科技考古分析进行综合分析。广西独山洞遗址属于更新世晚期向全新世过渡阶段考古遗址,赭石出土层位AMS碳十四测年结果显示其埋藏距今约1.5万年。X射线荧光(XRF)分析结果显示赭石样品化学元素组成中铁和硅的含量较高,赭石样品成分中均含铁;X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果显示赭石样品包含石英、绿泥石、伊利石、高岭石、赤铁矿;偏光显微分析结果显示,赭石样品均由红色的颗粒混合而成,单偏光下呈暗红色,边缘圆润;在正交偏光下全消光,显示所有赭石样品中红色部分为含赤铁矿的多晶质集合体;拉曼光谱分析结果显示,样品红色区域峰值与赤铁矿拉曼峰值较为匹配,主要在223cm^(-1)、295cm^(-1)、408cm^(-1)和605cm^(-1)有特征吸收峰,表明赭石中含有赤铁矿。独山洞遗址新发现的赭石研究,表明独山洞遗址古人类已具有现代人行为特征;该遗址赭石科技考古分析数据,为不同地区现代人行为相互比较提供了科学数据。Since only a few studies have been done in Southern China about ochre use during the Paleolithic,making the judgement of human behavioral modernity based on symbolic characteristics in East Asia ambiguous.The present research is expected to break this deadlock.Different from the old methods assuming some red-colored rocks as ochre samples,this study will employ various scientific methods on several newly discovered ochre samples unearthed in the Dushan cave site.The Dushan cave site(23°30'80''N,107°80'55''E)is located at the Linfeng Town,Tiandong County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in South China.The site was investigated and excavated by the Natural History Museum of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2010.The Dushan cave has one main chamber with a northwest-facing entrance.The cave is 30m in length and 9m in width(the widest part).The excavated area was near the entrance and located at the middle part of the gallery,with 3.15m×1.80m,to a maximum depth of 1.9m.In total,four new pieces of ochre materials were found,all unearthed from the third layer,which is dated to about 15000 years ago based on radiocarbon dates of the associated charcoal samples.Combined with the assemblage characteristics of the third layer shown by lithics and other evidence,the pieces of ochre at the Dushan cave site is categorized into the late Paleolithic.Four kinds of scientific methods are applied in the present research,including X-ray fluorescence(XRF)analysis,X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,as well as polarized light microscopic analysis and Raman analysis.Results of XRF analysis showed that the contents of Fe and Si were high in the chemical composition of the samples,and they indeed contained Fe.Results of XRD analysis showed that the samples contained quartz,chlorite,illite,kaolinite and hematite.Results of polarized light microscopic analysis showed that all samples were real red ochre(oxide red),and the sample is dark red under single polarizing light,with rounded edges.It is completely extincted under orthogonal slice

关 键 词：广西 独山洞遗址 赭石 科技分析 现代人行为 

分 类 号：P595[天文地球—地球化学] Q988[天文地球—地质学]