西夏语中的“愚”  

"Foolish" in Tangut Language

作　　者：廖莎莎 Liao Shasha

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学民族与历史学院

出　　处：《西夏研究》2023年第1期46-50,共5页Xixia Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学团队项目“‘夏译汉籍’汇纂通考及数据库建设”(项目批准号:20VJXT009)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：西夏文同义为“愚”的字共计十三个。夏译汉籍中,“■、■、■、■、■、■”六字基本未使用;“■”表“愚”时,常与“智”相对使用;“寿”多用音译;“■、■”常与另一字组成形容词使用;“■”可作形容词与名词连用,构成组合名词。《论语全解·公冶长》中,将宁武子之“愚”译为“■”,除去本义不慧、迟钝之外,还蕴含赞扬宁武子于君危难之时,仍愿斡旋于风险之间,同时又能保全自身的延伸含义。这些示例说明,西夏译者在汉籍夏译时的用字有一定的规律和习惯。There are thirteen characters synonymous with "foolish" in Tangut.In the ancient books translated from Chinese to Tangut, "■" are basically not used;when "■" means "stupid",it is often used against "intelligence";"■" is used as transliteration;"■" are used often form adjectives with another word;"■" can be used as an adjective and other nouns to form a combined noun.In Gongyechang of Full Explanation to the Analects,Ning Wuzi’s "Foolish" was be translated into "■",in addition to the original meaning of being unwise and be slow in reacting,it also contains the extended meaning of praising Ning Wuzi for his willingness to mediate between risks and at the same time to protect himself when he was in danger.These examples show that Xixia translators had their own rules and habits when they translated Chinese books.

关 键 词：夏译汉籍 论语全解 愚 同义字 

分 类 号：H211.7[语言文字—少数民族语言]