造山型金矿构造控矿作用  

Structural controls on orogenic gold deposits

作　　者：杨林[1] 王庆飞[1] 赵世宇 李华健[1] 赵鹤森 董超一 刘学飞[1] 邓军[1] YANG Lin;WANG QingFei;ZHAO ShiYu;LI HuaJian;ZHAO HeSen;DONG ChaoYi;LIU XueFei;DENG Jun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京),地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《岩石学报》2023年第2期277-292,共16页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42130801、42125203、42102107、42272071);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFA0714802);高等学校学科创新引智计划(BP0719021)联合资助。

摘　　要：造山型金矿具有重要经济价值,其成矿理论研究对全球金矿勘查和开采具有重要意义。为了更好的理解挤压和伸展背景下深成-中成-浅成造山型金矿成矿过程中控矿断裂形成过程、构造控制流体流动、流体就位机制以及矿化样式之间的关系,本文系统综述了岩石破裂原理、挤压和伸展体制断裂网络结构,全面梳理全球不同构造体制和成矿深度造山型金矿的构造控矿样式、矿脉几何学和蚀变矿化网络结构,取得以下认识:(1)在挤压背景下,深成金矿通常受韧-脆性逆冲剪切带控制,发育窄蚀变带、大脉状和层压状矿石以及黑云母-角闪石-磁黄铁矿等蚀变矿化组合;中成金矿受脆-韧性逆冲剪切带、褶皱转折端的滑脱空间和里德尔剪切派生裂隙控制,发育窄-中等宽度蚀变带、层压状和网脉状矿石以及绿泥石-方解石-绢云母-黄铁矿化蚀变矿化组合;浅成金矿受脆性剪切带和次级毛细裂隙控制,发育宽蚀变带、角砾状和浸染状矿石以及绢云母-碳酸盐-硫化物(黄铁矿、毒砂)等蚀变矿化组合。研究表明上述不同成矿深度金矿构造-蚀变-矿化差异由构造、流体压力、水岩反应强度和岩石抗张强度等共同控制,流体就位和矿质沉淀机制由深部的强构造流体互馈、弱水岩反应强度向浅部的弱构造流体互馈、强水岩反应强度转换。(2)在伸展背景下,深成金矿通常受韧-脆性张剪断裂带控制,发育窄蚀变带、大脉状矿石以及黑云母-角闪石-斜长石-磁黄铁矿等蚀变矿化组合;中成金矿受脆-韧性张剪断裂带控制,发育窄-中等宽度蚀变带、断层充填脉和网脉状矿石以及绢云母化-硅化-绿泥石化蚀变矿化组合;浅成金矿受脆性断层角砾破碎带控制,发育宽蚀变带、角砾状和浸染状矿石以及绢云母-碳酸盐-硫化物(黄铁矿、毒砂)等蚀变矿化组合。伸展体制控矿构造多为先存断裂改造和再活化,Orogenic gold deposits have important economic value,and the study of their metallogenic theory is of great significance to the exploration and exploitation of gold deposits in the world.In order to better understand the formation of ore-controlling structures,structural controls on fluid flow,the mechanism of ore-forming fluids trapped,and their relationships with mineralization styles in the hypozonal,mesozonal and epizonal orogenic gold deposits formed in the compressional or extensional settings,this paper systematically reviewed the principle of rock fractures,the fault network in the compressional and extensional regimes,and comprehensively summarized the structural controls on gold mineralization,vein geometry,and alteration-mineralization networks of orogenic gold deposits formed in different tectonic regimes and metallogenic depths.The main contributions of this paper are as follows:(1)In the compressional regime,the hypozonal gold deposits are commonly controlled by the ductile-brittle thrust-shear zone,and characterized by narrow alteration zones,massive and laminated quartz veins as well as biotite-amphibole-pyrrhotite alteration-mineralization types;the mesozonal gold deposits are dominantly controlled by the brittle-ductile thrust-shear zone,the hinge of locked-up fold,and the fracture networks of Riedel shear system with narrow-moderate alteration zones,laminated and stockwork gold ores,and chloritecalcite-sericite-pyrite mineral assemblages;and the epizonal orogenic gold deposits are controlled by brittle shear zone with secondary fine fractures,and have wide alteration zones,brecciated and disseminated gold ores,as well as sericite-carbonate-sulfides mineral assemblages.The contrasts in mineralization types were proposed to be controlled by structures,ore-forming fluid pressures and rock tensile strengths.The mechanism of structural controls on fluid flow and gold deposition displays a gradual transition from strong structure-fluid feedback and weak fluid-rock interaction in deep to weak structur

关 键 词：造山型金矿 挤压体制 伸展体制 矿化样式 构造控矿 流体就位 

分 类 号：P542[天文地球—构造地质学] P618.51[天文地球—地质学]