日本“安保三文件”初析:战略转型与前景展望  

A Preliminary Analysis of Japan’s Three Security Documents:Strategic Transformation and Its Prospect

作　　者：项昊宇 Xiang Haoyu(Department for Asia-Pacific Studies,CIIS)

机构地区：[1]中国国际问题研究院亚太研究所

出　　处：《和平与发展》2023年第1期97-112,156,159-162,共21页Peace and Development

摘　　要：日本岸田内阁通过发布“安保三文件”,对国家安全战略和防卫政策作出大幅调整,标志着二战后日本国家发展路线的重大转向。日本重拾激进强军扩武路线,尤其是引入“反击能力”和大幅增加防卫开支,使其“专守防卫”等战后军事约束进一步名存实亡,和平主义发展路线出现动摇。日本国家安全观和对外战略思维突出阵营对抗和大国竞争指向,强化与美西方阵营的意识形态和军事安全捆绑,凸显“冷战回归”色彩,将深刻影响亚太安全环境和全球战略稳定,对中国维护国家主权和安全利益构成新的挑战。同时也要看到,日本施行“安保三文件”、落实强军举措仍面临诸多内外制约和掣肘,在其国力衰退的大背景下本质上属“以攻为守”之举,根本诉求是使日本“摆脱战后体制”,恢复“正常国家”地位,进而谋求在国际秩序变革期中提升大国影响力,未来日本军事大国化仍将是有限度的渐进过程。Japan’s Kishida government made substantial adjustments to the national security strategy and defense policy by adopting three security documents,which marks a major shift of Japan’s development path after World WarⅡ.Japan has returned to the radical path of strengthening and expanding its military,especially enhancing its“counterattack capability”and substantially increasing its defense expenditure,which has further eroded the post-war military constraints such as“exclusive defense”and shaken the pacifist development line.Japan’s national security conception and external strategic thinking emphasize the direction of bloc confrontation and major-power competition,strengthen the ideological and military security binding with the US and the Western camp,and highlight the“return to the Cold War”,which will profoundly affect the security environment in the Asia-Pacific region and global strategic stability,and pose new challenges to China’s safeguarding of its national sovereignty and security interests.At the same time,it should be noted that Japan still faces multiple internal and external constraints in implementing the three security documents and carrying out measures to strengthen its military.In the context of Japan’s declining national strength,this is essentially a move of“attack as defense”,and its fundamental appeal is to enable to“get rid of the post-war system”and restore its status as a“normal country”,so as to seek to enhance its influence as a major power in the transformation of the international order.In the future,the transformation of Japan into a military power will still be a limited and gradual process.

关 键 词：日本军事 日本外交 防卫政策 安保战略 美日同盟 

分 类 号：D813[政治法律—国际关系]