重庆市校内校外青少年艾滋病知识态度及防治服务需求对比分析  

Health education model of HIV prevention for adolescents in and out of school

作　　者：黄金园 张海燕[1] 顾华妍[1] 何丹[1] 王薇[1] 朱欣[1] HUANG Jinyuan;ZHANG Haiyan;GU Huayan;HE Dan;WANG Wei;ZHU Xin(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children,Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市妇幼保健院(重庆医科大学附属妇女儿童医院)妇产科,重庆401147

出　　处：《中国艾滋病性病》2023年第1期98-101,共4页Chinese Journal of Aids & STD

基　　金：中国性病艾滋病防治协会艾伯维妇幼关爱及预防母婴传播基金项目(2020PMTCT-W11);重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目(2021MSXM022);重庆市妇幼保健科研培育专项项目(2022FY202)。

摘　　要：目的了解重庆市校内、校外青少年艾滋病知识、态度及防治服务需求,为探讨不同青少年人群预防艾滋病健康教育工作提供思路。方法通过青少年保健校园门诊及社区门诊形式对重庆市4所职业高中和4个社区青少年艾滋病相关情况进行调查,了解其生殖健康知识的需求与获得情况、性态度与性心理情况、艾滋病知识知晓率。结果回收有效问卷3178份。2089份为校内青少年,1089份为校外青少年。校内、校外青少年分别有44.04%和51.79%曾主动上网搜索生殖健康相关的知识,37.72%和43.89%没有参加过生殖健康教育课程,仅39.92%和37.74%父母能够解答生殖健康问题。校内青少年67.59%接受婚前性行为,与校外青少年(81.45%)相比,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=68.71,P=0.000);校内青少年45.76%接受“一夜情”或“约炮”,36.96%接受同性恋,与校外青少年(38.75%,32.87%)相比,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.33,P=0.000;χ^(2)=5.20,P=0.023)。校外青少年各艾滋病知识点知晓率低于校内青少年知晓率,差异有统计学意义。结论校内、校外青少年对生殖健康知识需求较高,但获取不足,网络无法完全满足青少年的需求,仍应发挥学校教育主阵地功能。校内、校外青少年性态度趋于开放、艾滋病知识缺乏,HIV感染风险高,均应受到关注,因此探讨有效的健康教育方式防控青少年艾滋病迫在眉睫。Objective To understand the knowledge,attitudes and needs for AIDS prevention and treatment services of adolescents in and out of school in Chongqing and to explore HIV prevention health education for different adolescent populations.Methods This study investigated the adolescents in four vocational high schools and four communities in Chongqing through adolescent health campus clinics and community clinics to understand their needs and access to reproductive health knowledge,sexual attitudes and psychosexuality and HIV knowledge awareness rate.Results 3178questionnaires were received.2089 were students in school and 1089 were out of school.44.04%and 51.79%of adolescents in and out of school had actively searched for reproductive health-related information online.37.72%and 43.89%had not attended a reproductive health education course,only 39.92%and 37.74%of parents were able to answer reproductive health questions respectively.In addition,67.59%of in-school adolescents can accept premarital sex,a significant difference compared to 81.45%of out-of-school adolescents(χ^(2)=68.71,P=0.000).45.76%of in-school adolescents can accept"one-night stands"or"dating"and 36.96%accepted homosexuality,a significant difference compared to 38.75%and 32.87%of out-of-school adolescents(χ^(2)=14.33,P=0.000;χ^(2)=5.20,P=0.023).The awareness rate of various AIDS-related knowledge among out-ofschool adolescents is lower than among in-school adolescents.Conclusions Adolescents in and out of school had high demand for reproductive health knowledge but access were insufficient.The Internet cannot fully meet the needs of young people and school education should still play a primary role.Young people,both in and out of school,are becoming more open to sexual attitudes but lack knowledge of HIV and are at high risk of HIV infection.It is imperative to explore practical health education approaches to prevent and control HIV in adolescents.

关 键 词：艾滋病 生殖健康 青少年 干预 健康教育 

分 类 号：R167[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R512.91