低惯量下电力系统频率特性分析及电池储能调频控制策略综述  

Review of Frequency Characteristics Analysis and Battery Energy Storage Frequency Regulation Control Strategies in Power System Under Low Inertia Level

作　　者：叶林[1] 王凯丰 赖业宁 陈浩 赵永宁[1] 徐贤 路朋 金忆非 YE Lin;WANG Kaifeng;LAI Yening;CHEN Hao;ZHAO Yongning;XU Xian;LU Peng;JIN Yifei(College of Information and Electrical Engineering,China Agricultural University,Haidian District,Beijing 100083,China;State Grid Electric Power Research Institute,Jiangning District,Nanjing 250003,China;East China Branch,State Grid Corporation of China,Huangpu District,Shanghai 200120,China;State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210024,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院,北京市海淀区100083 [2]国网电力科学研究院有限公司,南京市江宁区250003 [3]国家电网有限公司华东分部,上海市黄浦区200120 [4]国网江苏省电力有限公司,江苏省南京市210024

出　　处：《电网技术》2023年第2期446-462,共17页Power System Technology

基　　金：国家电网有限公司科技项目(5100-202240026A-1-1-ZN)。

摘　　要：随着“碳达峰、碳中和”及建立新型电力系统战略目标的提出,越来越多的传统机组被新能源机组逐步替代,造成电力系统的惯量水平持续走低,低惯量下有功冲击事件愈演愈烈,电力系统频率稳定性正面临严峻的挑战。从电力系统惯量定义出发,介绍影响惯量水平的相关因素。基于惯量定义分析高比例新能源并网后系统惯量水平的变化趋势,剖析惯量水平与频率稳定的关联关系。分析了低惯量水平给电力系统带来的3点新特性:传统惯量支撑资源稀缺、惯量水平评估难度加大和多种频率调整资源协调难度增加。在此基础上,从发电侧、电网侧、负荷侧和储能等角度介绍了提升电力系统频率稳定的方法和策略。从不同应用场景重点分析了电池储能在参与电力系统频率调整时的控制策略并对其优缺点进行详细的分析。最后,展望了低惯量电力系统中储能参与频率调整的协调控制策略。With the proposal of “carbon neutrality and emission peak” and the strategic goal of establishing a new power system, the traditional units are gradually replaced by the new energy, resulting in a continuous decrease in the inertia level of the power system. There have been more and more serious active power shock events under low inertia situations, which brings about severe challenges to the frequency stability of power systems. Starting from the definition of inertia of the power system, this paper introduces the relevant factors that affect the inertia level. Based on the definition of inertia, the changing trend of the system inertia level is analyzed after a high proportion of new energy is connected to the grid, and the relationship between the inertia level and the frequency stability is analyzed. The three new features brought by the low inertia level to the power system are analyzed: the scarcity of the traditional inertia support resources, the increased difficulty in the inertia evaluation and the multiple frequency regulation resource coordination. Then, the methods and strategies for improving the inertia of the power system are introduced from the perspectives of generation, grid, load, and energy storage. The control strategies of the battery energy storage participating in the frequency regulation are reviewed from different application scenarios, and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in detail. Finally, the control strategies for energy storage and the other potential frequency regulation resources to participate in the frequency regulation in the power system under low inertia level are prospected.

关 键 词：惯量 频率调整 电池储能 控制策略 

分 类 号：TM721[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]