“然而我却是自己的行刑者”:《对突发事件的祷告》中的疾病、谣言与自杀  

“And Yet I am My Own Executioner”:Disease,Rumor and Suicide in Devotions upon Emergent Occasions

作　　者：陶久胜 TAO Jiusheng

机构地区：[1]宁波大学外国语学院 [2]宁波大学文学跨学科研究中心

出　　处：《广东外语外贸大学学报》2023年第2期24-37,共14页Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“新航路开辟时期英国文学的贸易帝国建构研究”(21AWW008);宁波大学教学研究重点项目“世界文学视域下的外国文学课程的跨学科教学改革”(JYXMXZD2022013)。

摘　　要：17世纪20年代,詹姆士一世身体每况愈下,王室一直希望与西班牙联姻化解罗马教廷的威胁,查尔斯王子前往马德里向菲利普三世的女儿玛丽亚·安娜求婚,却遭到英格兰新教徒强烈反对。廉价报业刊登诋毁国王与政府的诽谤诗与花边新闻,煽动民众叛乱与扰乱国家秩序,各种谣言使查尔斯被迫取消婚约。因瘟疫频发,医学知识由一种职业化的专业术语转变为日常使用的普通语言,医学话语进入政治与生活领域,使国民在早期现代医学框架中理解政治身体议题。《对突发事件的祷告》中,邓恩使用疾病指向自己的忧郁症,更隐指社会上煽动性的谣言及其引发的政治暴动,他号召臣民顺从王权,接受国王对政治身体的管理与治疗,同时提出国王应铲除政治身体中的骚乱和寻求他人治国方略的对策。言过其实的饶舌报道正如人体的过剩体液,社会疾病对王国政府的威胁类似邓恩忧郁意志对自己的慢性自杀,国民在身体理论中论证谣言作为疾病对王国的自杀式影响,这暴露出斯图亚特早期社会对政府权威的焦虑。In the 1720s, with James I’s health deteriorating and the royal house’s desire for forming a marriage alliance with Spain to defuse the threat of the Holy See, Prince Charles traveled to Madrid to propose to Maria Anna, daughter of Philip Ⅲ, but met with strong opposition from English Protestants. Cheap newspapers published the libel poems and slanderous news defamed the king and government, instigated mass rebellion and disturbed social order, and various rumors forced Charles to cancel his engagement. Due to frequent outbreaks of plague, medical knowledge had transformed from a professional jargon to a common language in daily use, and medical discourse had entered the field of politics and daily life, therefore the people understood the body politic in the framework of early modern medicine. In Devotions upon Emergent Occasions, John Donne employs disease to refer to his melancholy, more to seditious rumor and its incited rebellion, and calls upon people to submit to royal sovereignty, accepting the king’s administration and treatment of body politic. At the same time, he suggests that the king should eradicate the riots in the political body and seek the strategies of others to govern the country. Overstated and garrulous report is like superfluous humor in human body, social disease threatening kingdom safety analogous to Donne’s melancholic will committing suicide upon himself. The people demonstrates in the body theory that rumors have a suicidal effect on the kingdom as a disease, which reveals the anxiety the early Stuart society expressed on government authority.

关 键 词：《对突发事件的祷告》 疾病 谣言 自杀 政府权威 

分 类 号：I106.99[文学—世界文学]