多种职业健康风险评估方法在汽车修理厂的应用比较  

Comparison of the Application of Various Occupational Health Risk Assessment Methods in Garages

作　　者：陈轲超 刘艳 刘峻通 董艳 任爽 CHEN Kechao;LIU Yan;LIU Juntong;DONG Yan;REN Shuang(Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science,Bering Academy of Science and Technology,Beijing 100054,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所,北京100054

出　　处：《安全》2023年第2期43-49,共7页Safety & Security

基　　金：北京市科学技术研究院创新工程项目(11000022T000000445102)。

摘　　要：为探讨4种风险评估方法在汽车修理厂职业病危害因素健康风险评估的适用性,采用综合指数法、接触比值法、危险源辨识风险评价方法(MES模型)及国际采矿和金属委员会(ICMM)定量法等4种方法,分别对3家汽车修理厂进行职业健康风险评估,研究3家汽车修理厂的主要工艺、主要岗位及其所涉主要职业病危害因素,即噪声、苯、甲苯和乙苯。经调查3家汽车修理厂的职业病危害因素检测结果均在职业接触限值以内。职业健康风险评估结果主要表现为接触比值法<综合指数法≤MES模型<ICMM定量法。结果表明:4种职业健康风险评估方法的评估结果存在差异。结合职业卫生学现场调查结果得出,综合指数法更适合对汽修厂中化学有害因素进行职业健康风险评估,MES模型更适合噪声的职业健康风险评估。In order to investigate the applicability of four risk assessment methods for assessing the health risk of occupational hazards in garages,this paper adopts the comprehensive index method,the exposure ratio method,the risk assessment method for hazard identification(MES model)and the International Commission on Mining and Metals(ICMM)quantitative method.The occupational health risk assessment was carried out in 3 garages and the main processes,and the main processes,main positions and the main occupational disease hazard factors involved in the 3 garages were studied,namely noise,benzene,toluene and ethylbenzene.The survey results showed that the detection results for the occupational disease risk factors in the three garages were all within the occupational exposure limit.The results of the occupational health risk assessment were mainly as follows:exposure ratio method<comprehensive index method≤MES model<ICMM quantitative method.The results showed that there were differences in the assessment results of the four occupational health risk assessment methods.Combined with the results of the occupational hygiene field investigation,it is concluded that the comprehensive index method is more suitable for the occupational health risk assessment of chemical harmful factors in auto repair plants,and the MES model is more suitable for the occupational health risk assessment of noise.

关 键 词：风险评估 职业健康 汽车修理厂 

分 类 号：X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学] R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]