科举士绅与近代社会建设——基于山东的研究  

Local Gentries and Public Utilities in Modern China:Evidence from Shandong

作　　者：雷鸣[1] 赵天睿 Ming Lei;Tianrui Zhao(Institute of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院经济研究所,300071

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2022年第11期189-208,共20页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“内生制度变迁视角下国家-地方治理演进的历史经验与实证研究”(22BJL029);南开大学亚洲研究中心、韩国高等教育财团基金项目“新教传播与近代中日韩现代化转型比较研究”(AS1902)课题资助。

摘　　要：士绅是古代社会地方治理的主体。本文以近代山东为案例进行研究,其结果显示,传统士绅在民国时期的公共建设方面仍具有持续影响力,且以进士、举人为代表的上层士绅相对于由生员组成的下层士绅影响力更为持久。异质性分析表明,家族宗族、地权集中、传统文化等因素会削弱士绅的正效应。进一步分析显示,近代教会学校的建立对下层士绅的公共设施提供产生了示范作用。政府和士绅之间由于士绅身份差异和公共建设性质的不同,在近代公共建设中既存在替代性也存在互补性。本文论证了科举士绅的长期影响力,同时也说明了近代公共治理多元发展的意义。Local Gentries were the key groups of local governing in the imperial China,their contributions extended to the Republic period,after the abolishment of Civil Service Entrance Exam System(Keju). Using the unique data of Shandong province,we address that the gentries who had required the titles through Keju still had a positive effect on the publish goods providing in the Republic of China. Furthermore,the upper gentries’ influences were long-lasted compared to the lower gentries. Heterogeneous factors like clans’ support gave less incentives for gentries to exert,while the establishment of missionary schools gave the lower gentries opportunity to follow the modern public utilities. Such elites’ governance could replace the efforts of local governments to some extents. This essay shows that it is important to arise attentions to the elites’ class during the local governing.

关 键 词：清末民初 科举士绅 制度与治理 公共建设 

分 类 号：D691.3[政治法律—政治学]