对靶喷雾参数对雾滴沉积分布影响试验  

Test of influence of target spray sarameters on droplet deposition distribution

作　　者：杨会民[1,2] 陈毅飞 齐亚聪 喻晨 杨征鹤[3] 王学农 Yang Huimin;Chen Yifei;Qi Yacong;Yu Chen;Yang Zhenghe;Wang Xuenong(Agricultural Mechanization Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,830091,Xinjiang,China;Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Forest,Fruit and Cotton Equipment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;College of Mechanical and Electri-cal Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]农业农村部林果棉装备科学观测实验站 [3]新疆农业大学机电工程学院

出　　处：《新疆农机化》2023年第1期17-21,31,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：自治区重大专项课题(2022A02005-5);新疆设施农业智能管控技术重点实验室(XJYS1703);新疆农科院自主培育项目(nk yzztd-003);新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2023026)。

摘　　要：在对靶喷雾状态下,喷雾方式由连续转变为间歇,喷头频繁开闭会影响冠层位置的雾滴分布,分析对靶喷雾状态下不同喷雾参数对作物冠层雾滴分布的影响,为验证并完善对靶喷雾机器人整体性能提供理论依据。试验使用自动对靶喷雾机器人,采用对靶与连续两种喷雾方式,选择0.5m/s、0.75m/s、1.0m/s的行驶速度与0.3m、0.4m、0.5m、0.6m的作物间隙大小,对两种喷雾方式下不同冠层位置的雾滴覆盖率进行对比,分析不同行驶速度与不同作物间隙对对靶喷雾状态下不同位置冠层雾滴覆盖率及均匀性的影响。采用连续与对靶两种喷雾方式对相同番茄作物行进行喷雾,通过测量药液使用量来获取对靶方式相对于连续方式下的省药率。试验结果表明,行驶速度变化对对靶喷雾方式影响较大,当行驶速度在0.5m/s时,平均雾滴覆盖率可达58.4%,当速度增大到1.0m/s时下降到33%;当行驶速度为1m/s、间隙大小为0.3m时,激光雷达无法识别此作物间隙从而造成两侧冠层雾滴覆盖率较大,随着间隙的增大雾滴覆盖率变化趋势相对平稳;对靶喷雾下的前冠层雾滴覆盖率较小于连续喷雾状态下的雾滴覆盖率,在中后冠层位置能够保持基本一致。在空隙比为40%和33.3%的番茄作物行中,在0.5m/s的行驶速度下省药率为44.8%和39.0%,在1m/s时省药率为47.5%和40.8%。对靶喷雾能够在作物间隙位置自主关闭喷头,有效减少药物浪费,行驶速度相比连续方式对其影响更大,因此在实际作业中应根据作物的种植密度来选择合适的行驶速度和作物检测范围,以提高冠层雾滴覆盖率。Under the condition of target spray, the spray mode changed from continuous to intermittent, and the sprinkler frequently opened and closed. The droplet distribution affected the position of the canopy. It is necessary to analyze the effect of different spray parameters on the droplet distribution in the canopy of the target, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the verification and improvement of the overall performance of the target spraying robot. The experiment used automatic target spraying robot, using target and continuous two spray methods, choosing 0.5 m/s, 0.75 m/s, 1 m/s driving speed and 0.3 m, 0.4 m, 0.5 m and 0.6 m crop gap size, comparing two spray methods under different canopy positions of fog droplet coverage rate. The effects of different speeds and different crop clearances on the coverage and uniformity of droplets in different positions under different spraying conditions were analyzed. The continuous spray and the two target spraying methods were used to spray the same tomato plant, and the dosage of the target was compared with the continuous mode. The experimental results show that the change of vehicle speed has a great impact on the target spray mode. When the driving speed is 0.5 m/s, the average droplet coverage rate can reach 58.4%, and when the speed increases to 1.0 m/s, it drops to 33%. When the driving speed is 1 m/s and the gap size is 0.3m, the lidar can not identify the crop gap, which results in the larger droplet coverage on both sides of the canopy, and the change trend of droplet coverage is relatively stable with the increase of the gap;The coverage of the front canopy droplets under target spray is smaller than that under continuous spray, and the position of the canopy is basically the same. In the tomato row with 40% and 33.3% void ratio, the drug saving rates were44.8% and 39.0% at 0.5m/s, and 47.5% and 40.8% at 1 m/s.The target spray can automatically close the sprinkler in the gap position of the crops, effectively reduce the waste of drugs, and drive speed more

关 键 词：对靶 行驶速度 作物间隙 雾滴覆盖率 省药率 

分 类 号：S499[农业科学—植物保护]