司法确认程序在生态环境损害赔偿案件中的适用  

Application of Judicial Confirmation Procedure in Ecological Environment Damage Compensation Cases

作　　者：梁勇 朱烨 LIANG Yong;ZHU Ye(Enviroumental Resources Court,Shandong Higher People's Court,Jinan 250101,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省高级人民法院环境资源审判庭,山东济南250101

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期35-44,共10页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家法官学院2021年度研究课题“全面加强生态文明建设的司法保障研究”。

摘　　要：生态环境损害事件发生后,赔偿权利人和赔偿义务人经磋商程序达成生态环境损害赔偿协议是快速修复生态环境的重要手段。但是,经常会出现赔偿义务人拖延履行或拒不履行赔偿协议的情形,赔偿权利人因此提起合同之诉要求赔偿义务人履行的做法浪费了行政资源和司法资源。作为平等民事主体之间达成的民事赔偿协议,可以由双方向人民法院申请司法确认,从而获得强制执行力。需要注意的是,赔偿协议与调解协议相比存在一些不同,在适用司法确认制度方面也应当有特殊之处。赔偿协议确认申请主体不应局限于赔偿权利人和赔偿义务人,还可以扩大到从事应急处置、环境修复具体工作的地方人民政府或其部门、机构,赔偿义务人的母公司、关联公司或担保人等。将没有第三方调解组织主持的赔偿协议申请司法确认,可以由损害行为发生地或者损害结果发生地基层人民法院管辖。审查标准采取实质性审查标准,法院可组织行业内专家学者对赔偿协议进行讨论并提出意见,并将赔偿协议予以公示。同时,鉴于对赔偿协议的审查采取实质审查标准,审查时限不应局限于《民事诉讼法》规定的30日。After the event of ecological environment damage,the agreement of compensation for the damage to the ecological environment reached by the obligee and the obligor through the consultation procedure is the primary means to quickly repair the environment.In practice,it often occurs that the obligor delays or refuses to perform the compensation agreement.It wastes administrative resources and judicial resources when the obligee files a contract lawsuit to demand the obligator to perform.As the civil compensation agreement is reached between equal civil subjects,the obligee can apply to the people’s court for judicial confirmation so as to obtain the compulsory execution.It’s important to note that the compensation agreement,different from the mediation agreement,is special in the application of judicial confirmation system.The main body of the application should not be limited to the compensation obligee and the compensation obligor,but can be extended to the local government or its departments and agencies which engage in the specific work of emergency response and environmental restoration,or the parent company,affiliated company or the guarantor of the obligor.In case that a compensation agreement applies for judicial confirmation,if there is no third-party mediation organization to preside over it,it may also be under the jurisdiction of the grassroot court where the damage occurs or where the damage affects.The review should be substantive,and the court may organize experts and scholars in the industry to discuss and give opinions on the compensation agreement,and publicize the compensation agreement.Meanwhile,in view of the substantive review of compensation agreement,the time limit for review should not be limited to 30 days as stipulated in the Civil Procedure Law.

关 键 词：生态环境 磋商程序 赔偿协议 司法确认 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]