概念隐喻视角下“牛”的认知解构——基于语料库的英汉对比研究  

The Cognitive Deconstruction of“niu”from the Perspective of Conceptual Metaphor:A Corpus-based Comparative Study of English and Chinese

作　　者：曾冬梅[1] 姜超凡 ZENG Dongmei;JIANG Chaofan(School of Foreign Languages,Shaoyang University,Shaoyang 422000,China;Language Department,Lancaster University,Lancaster LA14YW,UK)

机构地区：[1]邵阳学院外国语学院,湖南邵阳422000 [2]兰卡斯特大学语言系,兰卡斯特LA14YW

出　　处：《邵阳学院学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期71-77,共7页Journal of Shaoyang University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：湖南省社科基金项目“英语形名结构类型特征及其认知阐释研究”(20YBA231)。

摘　　要：英汉语中“牛”发展出多领域隐喻映射和深层次语义扩展,相同点体现在:靶域指人时,喻指强壮、愚笨、倔强、执拗,以及暴躁、莽撞的人。靶域非指人时,喻指大量财富、目标和关键、夸张和怪诞的说法、时间久和速度慢的行动以及危险和冲突。差异体现在:指人时,英语“bull”喻指说话自相矛盾的人,“cow”喻指壮或者女性肥胖,“ox”喻指健康的人;汉语“牛”喻指勤奋、无私的人,高傲的人,可怕的人,地位低贱的人和非法倒卖东西的人。非指人时,英语中“牛”表示大小、竞选游说会、临时演员面试会、女性色相展示场合;汉语形容厉害,表示夸赞或略带讽刺挖苦之意。汉语中“牛”的隐喻映射范围更广,多出了情感/态度域映射目标域。In English and Chinese,“niu”has developed multidomain metaphorical mapping and deep semantic expansion.There are similarities in the conceptual metaphor meaning of“niu”between English and Chinese.When the target domain refers to people,“niu”indicates strong,foolish,stubborn,obstinate,irritable and reckless people.When the target domain refers to non-person,it signifies a large amount of wealth,goals and keys,exaggerated and grotesque statements,long and slow actions,and danger and conflict.However,differences also exist.When referring to people,English“bull”denotes a person who speaks contradictorily;“cow”suggests a strong or obese woman;“ox”connotes a healthy person.The Chinese word“niu”indicates a hardworking and selfless person,a proud person,a terrible person,a person of low status or a person who sells things illegally.When referring to non-person,“niu”in English can mean size,campaign lobbying meetings,extras auditions,and female sex shows.In Chinese,it can be used to describe a person who is powerful,usually with compliment or slight sarcasm.The metaphorical mapping of“niu”in Chinese is broader,with an additional mapping target domain:the emotional domain or the attitudinal domain.

关 键 词：概念隐喻 隐喻映射 对比研究 “牛” 

分 类 号：H315.9[语言文字—英语]